人工智能与物联网的兴起,推动了对可穿戴、免维护电源的持续需求。现代集成电路的工作电压与功耗不断降低,使利用体热供能成为可能。热电技术可直接、可逆地将热能转化为电能,不仅为全球能源危机提供了新思路,也能在不受环境限制的情况下为可穿戴设备供电。为此,国内外围绕可穿戴热电器件开展了大量研究,致力于通过材料、结构与设计的优化提升其性能。首先概述了热电原理与热电发生器,随后重点介绍室温工作的可穿戴热电发生器(WTEG)的结构设计与制造,系统梳理了有机、无机及混合热电材料在柔性可穿戴器件中的最新进展,并对其优缺点进行了比较;最后,展望了下一代热电可穿戴设备的潜在机遇与发展方向。
The rise of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things has fueled a continuous demand for wearable,maintenance-free power sources.Modern integrated circuits operating at ever-lower voltages and power budgets now make body-heat energy harvesting feasible.Thermoelectric technology,which directly and reversibly converts heat into electricity,offers a new strategy for alleviating the global energy crisis while powering wearable devices regardless of ambient conditions.Consequently,extensive research worldwide has focused on optimizing materials,structures,and designs to enhance the performance of wearable thermoelectric devices.This paper first outlined thermoelectric principles and generators,then focused the structural design and fabrication of room-temperature wearable thermoelectric generators (WTEGs).Recent progress in organic,inorganic,and hybrid thermoelectric materials for flexible wearable applications was systematically reviewed,and their merits and limitations were compared.Finally,future opportunities and development directions for next-generation wearable thermoelectric devices were discussed.
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