锂金属电池(LMBs)因其高理论容量(3860mAh/g)和低电位(-3.040V vs SHE),被视为极具前景的下一代高比能电池。然而,锂负极在循环过程中易形成枝晶,可能刺穿隔膜引发短路和热失控,严重影响电池的安全性和寿命。传统聚烯烃隔膜在高温下易发生热收缩,难以满足电池的高安全性需求。因此,开发具有高热稳定性、优异机械强度和良好电解液润湿性的抑制锂枝晶生长的高耐温聚合物隔膜成为关键。综述了近年来不同类型的本征高耐温聚合物隔膜在结构设计、功能化改性及抑制锂枝晶机理方面的最新进展,并总结其在提升锂电池安全性与电化学性能中的优势与不足,最后提出了本征高耐温聚合物锂离子电池隔膜的未来发展方向与潜在应用价值。
Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are considered promising next-generation high-energy-density batteries due to their high theoretical capacity (3860mAh/g) and low potential (-3.040V vs SHE).However,lithium anodes are prone to dendrite formation during cycling,which may puncture the separator and cause short circuits and thermal runaways,seriously compromising battery safety and lifespan.Traditional polyolefin separators are susceptible to thermal shrinkage at high temperatures,making it difficult to meet high battery safety requirements.Therefore,the development of a highly temperature-resistant polymer separator with high thermal stability,excellent mechanical strength,and good electrolyte wettability to effectively suppress lithium dendrite growth is critical.This review summarized recent advances in the structural design,functional modification,and dendrite-suppression mechanisms of various intrinsic high-temperature-resistant polymer separators,and highlighted their advantages and limitations in enhancing the safety and electrochemical performance of lithium batteries.Finally,it proposed future development directions and potential application prospects for intrinsic high-temperature-resistant polymer separators in lithium-ion batteries.
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