生物质水凝胶作为一种新兴的复合功能材料,兼具优异的生物相容性、可降解性及物理化学性质可调性。深入理解其从分子到宏观的多尺度结构表征,是实现理性设计的关键。系统综述了生物质水凝胶在分子与超分子、纳米、宏观及跨尺度的先进表征技术进展。在此基础上,重点评述了其在人工智能、3D打印及可穿戴设备三大前沿领域的创新应用。旨在为深入理解生物质水凝胶的设计原理、功能实现机制以及面临的挑战提供全面的见解,并展望其未来的发展趋势,以促进该材料在相关领域的创新应用。
As an emerging class of composite functional materials,biomass hydrogels integrate exceptional biocompatibility,biodegradability,and tunable physicochemical properties.A profound understanding of their multiscale structural characterization,spanning from molecular to macroscopic levels,is crucial for achieving rational design.This review systematically summarized recent advances in characterization techniques for biomass hydrogels across molecular and supramolecular,nanoscopic,macroscopic,and multiscale dimensions.Building on this foundation,it critically examined their innovative applications in three cutting-edge fields:artificial intelligence,3D printing,and wearable electronics.The review aims to provide comprehensive insights into the design principles,functional mechanisms,and current challenges of biomass hydrogels,while outlining future development trends to foster their innovative applications in related fields.
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