镍掺杂稻壳基硅氧碳负极材料的制备与锂电性能

郭建良1,2, 韩松1*, 郑辉1, 杨宏训2*, 马娇娇2,3

化工新型材料 ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (5) : 83 -87.

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化工新型材料 ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (5) : 83-87. DOI: 10.19817/j.cnki.issn1006-3536.2026.05.024
新材料与新技术

镍掺杂稻壳基硅氧碳负极材料的制备与锂电性能

    郭建良1,2, 韩松1*, 郑辉1, 杨宏训2*, 马娇娇2,3
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Preparation and electrochemical performance of nickel-doped rice husk-based silicon oxycarbide anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

  • Guo Jianliang1,2, Han Song1, Zheng Hui1, Yang Hongxun2, Ma Jiaojiao2,3
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摘要

以廉价的稻壳为原料,通过球磨掺杂纳米镍并结合高温碳化工艺,成功制备了镍掺杂硅氧碳(SiOx/C@Ni)复合材料,并系统研究了其作为锂离子电池负极的电化学性能。电化学测试结果显示,SiOx/C@Ni复合材料在0.2A/g电流密度下初始放电比容量高达3265.5mAh/g,100次循环后仍保持523.0mAh/g的放电比容量和522.1mAh/g的充电比容量;在0.5A/g电流密度下循环100次后仍保持着比较可观711.0mAh/g的放电比容量和688.3mAh/g的充电比容量,展现出优异的循环稳定性。倍率性能测试表明,SiOx/C@Ni复合材料在1A/g大电流密度下,仍有340.8mAh/g的放电比容量和342.8mAh/g的充电比容量,且恢复至低电流密度时容量基本无衰减。交流阻抗分析进一步证实,镍掺杂显著降低了电荷转移阻抗,提升了材料的导电性和反应动力学。研究表明,镍的引入不仅缓解了硅的体积膨胀,还通过协同作用优化了电极结构稳定性与锂离子传输效率。

Abstract

Nickel-doped silicon-oxygen-carbon(SiOx/C@Ni) composites were successfully synthesized using rice husks as a low-cost raw material via ball-milling-assisted nickel doping combined with a high-temperature carbonization process.The electrochemical performance of these composites as anodes for lithium-ion batteries was systematically investigated.Electrochemical tests revealed that the SiOx/C@Ni composite delivered an initial discharge specific capacity of 3265.5mAh/g at a current density of 0.2A/g,and retained a discharge capacity of 523.0mAh/g and a charge capacity of 522.1mAh/g after 100 cycles.When cycled at a current density of 0.5A/g,the material still exhibited a discharge capacity of 711.0mAh/g and a charge capacity of 688.3mAh/g after 100 cycles,demonstrating excellent cycling stability.Rate capability evaluations indicated that the SiOx/C@Ni composite achieved a discharge capacity of 340.8mAh/g and a charge capacity of 342.8mAh/g at a high current density of 1.0A/g,with nearly no capacity degradation upon returning to a lower current density.AC impedance analysis further confirmed that nickel doping significantly reduced charge transfer resistance,thereby enhancing the electrical conductivity and reaction kinetics of the material.This study demonstrated that nickel incorporation not only mitigated the volume expansion of silicon during lithiation but also improved electrode structural stability and lithium-ion transport efficiency through synergistic effects.

关键词

锂离子电池 / 稻壳 / 负极材料 / 镍掺杂硅氧碳复合材料

Key words

lithium-ion battery / rice husk / anode material / nickel-doped silicon oxycarbide composite material

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镍掺杂稻壳基硅氧碳负极材料的制备与锂电性能[J]. 化工新型材料, 2026, 54(5): 83-87 DOI:10.19817/j.cnki.issn1006-3536.2026.05.024

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