为了探究碳纤维铺层角度对玄武岩/碳纤维混杂层合板拉伸失效机理的影响,采用单轴静载拉伸试验、数字图像相关技术(DIC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及Abaqus有限元模拟展开多维度研究。制备了碳纤维铺层角度分别为0°、45°、90°的3种层合板试件,通过DIC实时监测应变场演化,发现0°组因碳纤维轴向承载呈现非对称变形与应力集中,45°组凭借玄武岩纤维交织结构展现更高应变协调性,90°组因碳纤维未有效承载导致应变集中于玄武岩纤维层。SEM断口分析表明,0°组以纤维断裂与轻度脱粘为主,45°组存在纤维斜向抽出与基体塑性变形,90°组呈现大面积纤维脱粘与层间剥离。有限元模拟基于Hashin准则复现了渐进损伤过程,模拟结果与实验数据误差控制在10%以内,验证了碳纤维取向通过调控载荷传递路径与界面相互作用主导失效模式的机制。可为混杂纤维复合材料的铺层设计与性能预测提供实验与理论依据。
To investigate the influence of carbon fiber layup angles on the tensile failure mechanism of basalt/carbon fiber hybrid laminates,a multi-dimensional study was conducted using uniaxial static tensile tests,digital image correlation (DIC) technology,scanning electron microscopy (SEM),and Abaqus finite element simulations.Three types of laminate specimens with carbon fiber layup angles of 0°,45°,and 90° were prepared,and the strain field evolution was real-time monitored by DIC.The results revealed that the 0° group exhibited asymmetric deformation and stress concentration due to axial load-bearing by carbon fibers;the 45° group showed higher strain coordination attributed to the interwoven structure of basalt fibers;and the 90° group experienced strain concentration in basalt fiber layers because carbon fibers failed to effectively bear loads.SEM fracture analysis showed that the failure of the 0° group was dominated by fiber fracture and mild debonding,the 45° group featured oblique fiber pull-out and matrix plastic deformation,and the 90° group displayed extensive fiber debonding and interlaminar delamination.Finite element simulations based on Hashin criterion reproduced the progressive damage process,with the error between simulated and experimental data controlled within 10%.This verified the mechanism that carbon fiber orientation governed failure modes by regulating load transfer paths and interfacial interactions.The findings provide experimental and theoretical insights for layup design and performance prediction of hybrid fiber composites.
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