Photocatalytic technology demonstrates immense application potential in environmental remediation and energy conversion due to its advantages of simplified synthesis processes,easily controllable reaction conditions,and eco-friendly,pollution-free operation.Photocatalysts,with TiO2 as a prime example,exhibit broad application prospects in solar energy conversion,pollutant degradation,and catalytic hydrogen production owing to their unique electronic structure and photocatalytic properties.However,TiO2 suffers from low photogenerated charge carrier transport efficiency and easy recombination of electron-hole pairs,limiting its photocatalytic conversion efficiency.Heterostructures can regulate charge carrier dynamics through interfacial effects,effectively enhancing charge separation efficiency and migration rates.This characteristic provides a new avenue for constructing highly efficient photocatalytic systems.This article elucidated the formation mechanisms and operational principles of TiO2 heterojunction photocatalysts,introduced the characteristics of different TiO2 heterojunction types,and reviewed application advancements in environmental purification,solar cells,electrochemical energy storage,hydrogen evolution,CO2 reduction,and antimicrobial materials.Finally,it delved into novel design concepts for TiO2 heterojunction materials and outlined future development trends for TiO2 heterojunction photocatalysts.
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