To address the issues of significant voltage hysteresis during the charge-discharge process of single black phosphorus anode materials,this study employed the chemical vapor deposition method,using red phosphorus as the raw material and Sn24P19.3I8/CNTs as the loading catalyst,to successfully prepare a black phosphorus-based ternary composite material (BP/Sn24P19.3I8/CNTs) in a single step through in-situ catalysis.The structure and morphology of the samples were characterized using XRD,SEM,and TEM.The electrochemical performance and voltage hysteresis of the BP/Sn24P19.3I8/CNTs composite were investigated.The results indicated that the BP/Sn24P19.3I8/CNTs composite material exhibited high quality with uniform element distribution.Raman and XPS analyses confirmed the formation of stable P-Sn and Sn-C bonds between the BP/Sn24P19.3I8/CNTs composite materials,which helped to closely bind BP with Sn24P19.3I8/CNTs,enhancing the overall mechanical strength and stability of the composite material.Additionally,the electrochemical performance and voltage hysteresis of the BP/Sn24P19.3I8/CNTs composite material were investigated.At a current density of 0.1A/g,the initial discharge specific capacity of the BP/Sn24P19.3I8/CNTs composite material was as high as 1498.88mAh/g,and after 100 cycles,the capacity retention rate was 75%,with a coulombic efficiency of 98%.This was attributed to the formation of a relatively stable composite structure between BP and iodine and tin,which was conducive to enhancing the sodium ion insertion/desorption kinetic properties of the material,thereby improving the specific capacity.Furthermore,the BP/Sn24P19.3I8/CNTs composite material also exhibited excellent electronic and ionic transport performance,as well as more symmetrical redox pathways.These characteristics collectively resulted in a smaller voltage hysteresis for the composite material.
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金(22168021)
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