超级电容器是一种新型的储能器件,具有功率密度高、循环寿命长、充放电迅速、稳定性高等特点,在航空航天、电动汽车、国防军工等领域具有广阔的应用前景。活性碳材料是最常用的超级电容器电极材料,然而,传统碳电极材料缺乏高密度的多孔结构,导致比容量偏低。因此开发高效低成本的超级电容器用碳电极材料备受关注。以可再生的农林废弃生物质为碳源前驱体制备高性能的碳电极材料具有绿色、低成本等优势,是当前超级电容器电极材料领域的研究热点。综述了近年来采用农林废弃生物质制备超级电容器用碳电极材料的研究进展,重点介绍了不同生物质衍生碳材料的制备方法、分析了不同生物质衍生碳材料的结构形貌及相应的储能特性,并对农林废物生物质衍生碳在超级电容器电极材料中未来的发展趋势进行了展望。
Supercapacitors are a new type of energy storage devices,which have broad application prospects in aerospace,electric vehicles,national defense and other fields due to their significant advantages of high power density,long cycle life,rapid charge and discharge and high stability.Activated carbon materials are the most commonly used electrode materials for supercapacitors.However,the traditional carbon electrode materials lack rich porous structures,resulting in low specific capacity.Therefore,the development of efficient and low-cost carbon electrode materials for supercapacitors has attracted much attention.Using renewable agricultural and forestry waste as carbon source precursor to prepare high performance carbon electrode materials has the advantages of green and low cost,which is a hotspot in the current research of supercapacitor electrode materials.In this paper,the recent research advance of the preparation of carbon materials for supercapacitor electrodes derived from agricultural and forestry waste biomass was reviewed.The preparation methods of different biomass-derived carbon materials were systematically introduced,and the structural morphology and the corresponding energy storage characteristics of different biomass-derived carbon materials were analyzed.Moreover,the development trends of agricultural and forestry waste biomass-derived carbon materials for supercapacitors electrodes were prospected.
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金(U23A2067);宁波市科技创新2025重大专项项目(2023Z149和2022Z102)
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