随着材料科学的快速发展,纳米铝粉因高能密度、低毒性及良好的稳定性,在固体火箭燃料、推进剂及烟火剂等领域受到广泛关注。然而,纳米铝粉的大比表面积导致其极易与空气中的氧发生反应,形成氧化铝钝化层,从而大幅降低反应活性和能量密度。为了解决这一问题,研究人员通过不同途径对纳米铝粉进行改性研究,特别是借助含氟材料对铝粉进行包覆处理。综述了近年来含氟材料包覆铝粉构筑核壳结构改善铝粉活性的研究进展,介绍了含氟聚合物、有机含氟分子、含氟碳材料、无机金属氟化物4种不同包覆材料抑制铝粉早期氧化,提高其在高温环境下反应活性的研究成果,并讨论了通过包覆式核壳结构改性策略对铝粉热反应性、燃烧特性及能量释放的影响。氟基材料的助燃性、导热性、抗蚀性不仅可以改善铝粉活性,同时又能强化体系能量密度,构筑核壳结构的氟基材料包覆铝粉势必成为未来铝粉修饰改性的重要策略。
With the rapid development of materials science,nano aluminum (n-Al) powder has attracted widespread attention in fields such as solid rocket fuels,propellants and pyrotechnics due to its high energy density,low toxicity,and good stability.However,the large specific surface area of n-Al makes it peculiarly prone to reacting with oxygen in the air to form an alumina passivation layer,which significantly reduces its reactivity and energy density.Researchers are thus compelled to explore modification strategies to overcome the drawbacks of Al powders,particularly coating treatments using fluorine-containing materials.This article reviewed the research progress in improving the activity of aluminum powder through the construction of core-shell structures coated with fluorine-containing materials in recent years.It summarized the research achievements of different coating materials,including fluoropolymers,organofluorine molecules,F-doped carbon materials,and inorganic metal fluorides,in inhibiting early oxidation of aluminum powder and improving its reaction activity at high-temperatures.It also discussed the effects of modifying strategies through a coated core-shell structure on the thermal reactivity,combustion characteristics,and energy release of aluminum powder.The combustion-promoting,thermal conductivity,and corrosion resistance properties of fluorine-based materials not only enhance aluminum powder activity but also boost the energy density of the system.Thus fluorine-based materials coated aluminum powder to form core-shell structures will be a key research strategy for further modifying aluminum powder in the future.
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金(21905032);安徽省高校优秀拔尖人才培育项目(gxbjZD2022060);安徽省优秀青年项目(2022AH030150)
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