相变材料(PCM)作为热管理领域中极具潜力的储能材料之一,近年来备受关注。通过将相变材料微胶囊化,获得了可靠的PCM封装方案,有效降低了PCM在相变过程中可能发生的泄露风险。因此,相变微胶囊在建筑、智能织物、能源、生物医药以及智能设备等多个领域均展现出了巨大的应用潜力。相较于微胶囊的单一应用,对其壳材进行改性,不仅能进一步优化其基础性能,例如增强热稳定性和提高导热性,还能赋予其更多元化的功能特性,如导电、杀菌、感光及环境监测等。详细介绍了PCM的分类、主要的微胶囊封装技术,并重点探讨了对微胶囊壳材的改性和功能化应用研究的最新进展,特别是功能化改性对微胶囊性能的深远影响。旨在为拓宽相变微胶囊的应用领域并推动其技术创新提供一定的参考。
Phase-change materials (PCMs),as one of the most promising energy storage materials in the field of thermal management,have attracted significant attention in recent years.By encapsulating PCMs into microcapsules,a reliable packaging solution has been achieved,effectively reducing the risk of leakage during the phase transition process.As a result,phase-change microcapsules have demonstrated immense application potential in various fields,including construction,smart fabrics,energy,biomedicine,and smart devices.Compared with the single application of microcapsules,modifying their shell materials not only further optimizes their basic properties,such as enhancing thermal stability and improving thermal conductivity,but also imparts diversified functional characteristics,such as conductivity,antibacterial properties,photosensitivity,and environmental monitoring.This paper provided a detailed overview of PCM classifications and major microencapsulation techniques,with a focus on the latest advances in the modification and functionalization of microcapsule shell materials.In particular,it explored the profound impact of functional modifications on microcapsule performance.This study aims to provide a reference for expanding the application fields of phase-change microcapsules and driving technological innovation.
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金(51973101);山东省自然科学基金重点项目(ZR2020KE014);山东淄博英才计划项目(Zbyc 2022011)
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