聚丙烯腈作为极易燃的纤维材料,其阻燃性能的研究具有重要意义。采用NaSCN溶剂法制备聚丙烯腈薄膜,在单一阻燃剂性能研究基础上,设计了满足阻燃要求的氮-磷协同高效阻燃体系。对纤维的力学性能、阻燃性能以及纺丝原液的流变特性进行研究。结果表明:磷酸三苯酯与氰尿酸三聚氰胺按3∶2质量比复配,添加量为25%时,聚丙烯腈的极限氧指数达到26.5%,表现出优异的阻燃效果,且纤维的力学性能保持良好,添加液体阻燃剂后,断裂伸长率达到162.5%。纺丝原液为切力变稀型非牛顿流体,在添加阻燃剂后黏度指数控制在可纺范围内,为实现良好纺丝性能提供了保障。
Polyacrylonitrile,as an extremely flammable fiber material,the study of its flame retardant properties is of great significance.In this paper,polyacrylonitrile films were prepared by NaSCN solvent method,and a nitrogen-phosphorus synergistic and efficient flame-retardant system to meet the flame-retardant requirements was designed on the basis of the study on the performance of a single flame retardant.The mechanical properties and flame retardant properties of the fibers and the rheological properties of the spinning stock solution were studied.The results showed that when triphenyl phosphate was compounded with melamine cyanurate in the quality ratio of 3∶2 with the addition amount of 25%,the limiting oxygen index of polyacrylonitrile reached 26.5%,demonstrating excellent flame retardancy,and the mechanical properties of the fibers were maintained well.The elongation at break reached 162.5% after the addition of liquid flame retardant.The spinning stock liquid was a shear-thinning non-Newtonian fluid,and the viscosity index was controlled within the spinnable range after the addition of the flame retardant,which provided a guarantee for the realization of good spinning performance.
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