当前,氢能源在全球能源体系中的重要性日益凸显,其在生产、运输、储存等环节上的相关技术也亟需发展,其中发展高效、安全、低成本的固态储氢材料尤为迫切。近年来,生物质基炭材料因其来源广泛、制备简单、孔结构丰富等特点在固态储氢领域报道较多,逐渐展现出较佳的发展潜力。然而,生物质基炭材料还存在储氢活性位点较缺乏,吸附作用力较弱,且微孔结构缺乏精准控制等问题,其在77K下质量储氢密度大多处于6.0%(质量分数)以下,还处于相对较低水平,限制了实际应用。综述了目前固态储氢材料发展现状,重点介绍吸附储氢用生物质基多孔炭的最新制备方法及结构特点等,从孔结构、表面化学结构、金属掺杂与异质复合等方面,分析炭材料结构与储氢性能之间的构效关系,以期为生物质基炭储氢材料的进一步发展提供研究思路。最后,提出了生物质炭在储氢领域的发展方向,对于推动固态储氢技术的发展具有重要意义。
At present,the importance of hydrogen energy in the global energy system is becoming increasingly prominent,and its related technologies including H2 production,transportation,and storage also need to be updated urgently.Among them,the development of efficient,safe and low-cost solid-state hydrogen storage materials is particularly critical.In recent years,biomass-based carbon materials have been widely reported in the field of solid-state hydrogen storage due to their wide range of sources,simple preparation and rich pore structure,and have gradually shown better development potential.However,these biomass-based carbon materials still have some problems including inadequate active sites for hydrogen storage,weak adsorption force,and insufficiently controlled microporous structure.The mass hydrogen storage densities are mostly below 6.0wt% at 77K at present,which is still relatively low and limits their practical applications.In this paper,the current development status of solid-state hydrogen storage materials was reviewed,focusing on the latest preparation methods and structural characteristics of biomass-based porous carbon for hydrogen storage.The structure-performance relationship between material structure and hydrogen storage capacity was analyzed from the perspectives of pore structure,surface chemical structure,metal doping and heterogeneous composites,aiming to provide ideas for the further development of biomass-based carbon materials for hydrogen storage.Finally,the development directions of biomass-based carbon in the field of hydrogen storage were prospected,which was of great significance for promoting the development of solid-state hydrogen storage technology.
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基金资助
湖南省重大科技攻关项目(2023ZJ1060);国家自然科学基金青年项目(22208380);湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目(23B0241)
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