固体推进剂的燃烧性能是决定火箭发动机性能指标的关键因素。系统综述了近年来固体推进剂燃烧性能调控技术的研究进展,重点分析了固体推进剂不同组分、粒径及催化剂对燃烧速度、压强指数的影响。通过减小高氯酸铵粒径、使用超细铝粉及引入六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)或碳材料的复合催化体系可显著提升推进剂燃速、降低压强指数并增强稳定性;同时提出含能金属配合物通过原位生成的纳米复合材料兼具高效催化和环保特性,是替代传统铅铜盐催化剂的重要发展方向,未来需重点研发绿色多核含能配合物以解决能量损失与环境污染问题。
The combustion performance of solid propellants is a critical factor in determining the performance indicators of rocket engines.This paper systematically reviewed recent research progress in combustion performance regulation technologies for solid propellants,with a focus on the effects of various components,particle sizes,and catalysts on burning rate and pressure exponent.Key findings indicated that reducing ammonium perchlorate (AP) particle size,employing ultrafine aluminum powder,and introducing composite catalytic systems containing CL-20 or carbon materials could significantly enhance propellant burning rate,lower pressure exponent and improve stability.The study further proposed that energetic metal complexes generated nanocomposites through in-situ,with both high catalytic efficiency and environmental benefits,representing a crucial development direction to replace traditional lead-copper salt catalysts.Future research should prioritize developing green polynuclear energetic complexes to address energy loss and environmental pollution challenges while maintaining propellant performance.
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金(21371159)
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