为了最小化生物质前驱体不稳定所带来的影响,探究其微观结构、储钠规律以及用以提高其电化学储钠性能,采用不同的方法对生物质碳材料进行改性处理。通过对生物质碳材料不同程度的碳化、利用石油基材料对其进行复合、利用水蒸气对其进行改性并进一步修饰来构建更理想的微观孔隙结构。结果表明:当碳化终温在1300℃时,其首圈库仑效率(85.29%)、首圈放电比容量(381.16mAh/g)及循环稳定性的综合性能达到最优。采用石油基材料对生物质碳材料进行包覆复合处理,其微观形成了墨水瓶状孔隙结构,电化学性能也有相应提升。另外,采用水蒸气刻蚀法能很大程度地修饰生物质碳材料的微观结构,进而对其电化学性能的提升提供了巨大的增长潜力和可能。

In order to minimize the impact of the instability of biomass precursors and to explore their microstructure,sodium storage mechanism and methods to improve their electrochemical performance,various modification treatments were applied to biomass-based carbon materials.An ideal microscoporous structure was constructed by carbonizing biomass carbon materials to different degrees,compositing with petroleum-based materials,and modifying with water vapor followed by further surface modification.The results showed that when the final carbonization temperature reached 1300℃,the material exhibited the best overall performance,with a first-cycle coulombic efficiency of 85.29% and a first-cycle discharge specific capacity of 381.16mAh/g.By using petroleum-based materials to coat biomass carbon materials,an ink-bottle-like microcosmic pore structure was formed,and the electrochemical performance was also improved.In addition,the method of water vapor etching could greatly modify the microstructure of biomass carbon materials,offering great potential and possibilities for further improving their electrochemical performance.