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摘要
以软化点255℃的各向同性沥青为原料,熔融纺丝制备沥青纤维,研究了预氧化和炭化工艺参数对纤维力学性能的影响。结果表明:在预氧化处理条件的考察范围内,随预氧化温度的升高,沥青纤维的氧化增重呈现先增加后减小的趋势,对应碳纤维的抗拉强度逐渐下降;随预氧化时间的增加,沥青纤维的氧化增重逐渐减小,碳纤维的力学性能基本保持不变;沥青纤维的氧化增重和碳纤维抗拉强度均随预氧化升温速度的增大而逐渐提高;预氧化温度达到270℃及以上时,预氧化温度过高,会发生过度氧化,纤维表面较多的含氧官能团发生氧化分解,在纤维表面和内部形成缺陷和孔洞结构,导致纤维力学性能下降;炭化温度提高,纤维会更加致密化,碳纤维的抗拉强度和抗拉模量增大;沥青纤维在以0.5℃/min升温速度升至230℃并恒温预氧化处理60min,而后在1200℃下炭化处理5min,得到通用级沥青基碳纤维的抗拉强度和抗拉模量分别达到655.0MPa和33.5GPa。
Abstract
The isotropic pitch with softening point of 255℃ was used as raw material to prepare pitch fibers by melt spinning.The effects of pre-oxidation and carbonization process parameters on the mechanical properties of the fibers were studied.The results showed that in the studied range of pre-oxidation treatment conditions,with the increase of pre-oxidation temperature,the oxidation weight gain of the pitch fibers increased first and then decreased,and the tensile strength of the corresponding carbon fibers decreased gradually.With the increase of pre-oxidation time,the oxidation weight gain of the pitch fibers decreased gradually,and the mechanical properties of carbon fibers remained basically unchanged.The oxidation weight gain of the pitch fibers and the tensile strength of carbon fibers increased with the increase of pre-oxidation heating rate.When the pre-oxidation temperature reached 270℃ and above,excessive oxidation occurred when the pre-oxidation temperature was too high,and more oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of the fiber underwent oxidative decomposition,forming defects and pore structures on the surface and inside of the fiber,resulting in a decrease in the mechanical properties of the fibers.With the increase of carbonization temperature,the fibers became denser,and the tensile strength and tensile modulus of the carbon fibers increased.The pitch-based carbon fibers were pre-oxidized at 230℃ for 60min at a heating rate of 0.5℃/min,and then carbonized at 1200℃ for 5min.The tensile strength and tensile modulus of the obtained pitch-based carbon fibers were 655.0MPa and 33.52GPa,respectively.
关键词
通用级沥青基碳纤维
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各向同性沥青
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纺丝
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预氧化
Key words
general-grade pitch-based carbon fiber
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isotropic pitch
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spinning
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pre-oxidation
油系通用级沥青基碳纤维的制备及工艺研究[J].
化工新型材料, 2025, 53(9): 159-164 DOI:10.19817/j.cnki.issn1006-3536.2025.09.031
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基金资助
中国海油重大项目子课题项目(CNOOC-KJ 145 ZDXM 12 TJY 011 TJY 2021)
