以芳氧基聚磷腈(PDPP)为原料,通过添加3种磷系阻燃剂制备了复合PDPP绝热材料,研究了不同磷系阻燃剂对PDPP绝热材料力学性能和抗烧蚀性能的影响。结果表明,磷系阻燃剂的引入显著提高了PDPP绝热材料的断裂伸长率,其中磷酸三丁酯(TBP)使断裂伸长率从120%提高到206%,而聚磷酸铵(APP)在保持拉伸强度不变的情况下将断裂伸长率提升至160%。上述阻燃剂也显著增强了PDPP绝热材料的抗烧蚀性能,APP的增强效果最明显,将绝热材料的线性烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别降低到0.087mm/s和0.063g/s,并在烧蚀炭层表面形成了陶瓷层。APP的引入不仅限制了SiO₂在高温下的流动性,还促进了SiO₂在炭层表面的凝固,形成了一层坚固的陶瓷层。陶瓷层在火焰直接冲刷时能够发挥出色的保护作用,有效抵御火焰对炭层结构的破坏。磷系阻燃剂的引入显著提高了PDPP绝热材料的综合性能。

Composite aryloxy polyphosphazene (PDPP) thermal insulation materials were fabricated from PDPP by adding three phosphorus-based flame retardants,and the influence of these retardants on the material's mechanical performance and ablation resistance was systematically studied.The results showed that the introduction of phosphorus-based flame retardants significantly improved the elongation at break of the PDPP thermal insulation materials.Among them,tributyl phosphate (TBP) increased the elongation at break from 120% to 206%,while ammonium polyphosphate (APP) enhanced it to 160% while maintaining the tensile strength unchanged.These flame retardants also notably improved the ablation resistance of the PDPP thermal insulation materials,and the APP demonstrated the most pronounced effect,reducing the linear ablation rate and mass ablation rate of the material to 0.087mm/s and 0.063g/s,respectively,and forming a ceramic layer on the surface of the char layer during ablation.The introduction of APP not only restricted the flowability of SiO₂ at high temperatures,but also facilitated its solidification on the char layer surface,forming a robust ceramic layer.This ceramic layer provided excellent protection under direct flame impingement,effectively shielding the char layer structure from damage.The incorporation of phosphorus-based flame retardants significantly enhanced the overall performance of the PDPP thermal insulation materials.