硅因其高容量而被认为是非常有应用前景的新一代高容量锂离子电池负极材料。但硅的低电导率及差的循环性能而限制了其作为负极材料在锂离子电池中的应用。以富含硅的稻壳为原材料,沥青为导电剂,通过简单的铝热还原反应,制得多孔硅氧碳复合负极材料。结果表明:该复合负极材料展现出良好的电化学性能,在0.2A/g的电流密度下,具有高的首次充放电比容量1016.2mAh/g/1349.5mAh/g和75.3%的首次库仑效率,在200个循环后仍能保持812.8mAh/g/819.3mAh/g的比容量。优异的性能,主要得益于,氢/氩混合气氛对二氧化硅的还原提供了更多的反应活性位点。此外,沥青的加入一方面可以增强电极材料的导电性,另一方面熔融态的沥青可以填补材料中的孔隙,缓冲硅在充放电过程中的体积膨胀,从而提高材料的循环稳定性。
Because of its high capacity,silicon is considered to be a new generation of high-capacity lithium-ion battery anode material with great application prospects.However,silicon's low conductivity and poor cycle performance limit its application as an anode electrode material in lithium-ion batteries.In this paper,porous silicon-oxy-carbon composite anode electrode material was prepared by a simple aluminium thermite reduction reaction using silicon-rich rice husk as raw material and asphalt as conductive agent.The results showed that the composite anode material exhibited good electrochemical properties,with a high initial charge-discharge specific capacity of 1016.2mAh/g/1349.5mAh/g and a first coulomb efficiency of 75.3% at a current density of 0.2A/g,and maintained a specific capacity of 812.8mAh/g/819.3mAh/g after 200 cycles.The excellent performance was mainly attributed to the fact that the hydrogen/argon mixed atmosphere provided more reactive sites for the reduction of silica.In addition,the addition of asphalt on the one hand could enhance the conductivity of the electrode material,on the other hand,the molten asphalt could fill the pores in the material,buffer the volume expansion of silicon during the charge and discharge process,thus improving the cycle stability of the material.
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金面上项目(51672114)
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