使用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)作为异氰酸酯原料合成聚氨酯预聚体,并将其与聚天门冬氨酸酯反应制备聚脲。研究了稀释剂、填料、聚醚多元醇与扩链剂对聚脲性能的影响。结果表明:选用乙酸丁酯作为稀释剂时聚脲的力学性能最佳,选用二甲苯为稀释剂时,在失重率为5%的情况下,失重温度约为225℃,表现出较好的热稳定性;选用钛白粉作为聚脲的填料,当添加量为质量分数25%时聚脲力学性能最佳,拉伸强度约为22MPa,断裂伸长率约为285%,经过酸碱盐处理后,力学性能保持率均维持在90%以上,展现出较好的耐候性;低分子量、多羟基的聚醚多元醇可以提高聚脲拉伸强度,但会导致断裂伸长率大幅下降;加入甘油作为扩链剂可以显著提高聚脲的撕裂强度,当添加量超过质量分数5%时,聚脲的撕裂强度超过100N/mm。
Polyurethane prepolymer was synthesized by using isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as isocyanate raw material,and it was reacted with polyaspartate to prepare polyurea.The effects of diluent,filler,polyether polyol and chain extender on the properties of polyurea were studied.The results showed that the mechanical properties of polyurea were the best when butyl acetate was used as diluent.When xylene was used as diluent,the weight loss temperature was about 225℃ under the weight loss rate of 5%,showing good thermal stability.titanium dioxide was selected as the filler of polyurea,and when the addition amount was 25%,the mechanical properties of polyurea were the best,with a tensile strength of 22MPa and an elongation at break of 285%.After acid,alkali and salt treatment,the mechanical properties were maintained above 90%,showing good weather resistance.The polyether polyol with low molecular weight and multi-hydroxyl could improve the tensile strength of polyurea,but it could lead to a significant decrease in elongation at break.The addition of glycerol as chain extender could significantly improve the tear strength of polyurea,and when the addition amount exceeded 5%,the tear strength of polyurea was more than 100N/mm.
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金-面上项目(52275295);河南省中原领军人才项目(234200510026)
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