钠离子电池因原材料储存丰富、分布范围广、安全等优势被广泛应用于再储能领域。磷酸锰钒钠(NMVP)因理论容量大(111mA/g)、结构稳定性好、使用寿命长等优点而受到广泛关注。但NMVP材料存在电子电导率低、结构稳定性差等缺点,阻碍了其商业化的进一步发展。因此,研究人员尝试使用掺杂、包覆和结构设计等方式对其进行改性研究,来提升其电化学性能。综述了NMVP正极材料储钠机理(两步脱嵌机制)、制备及改性方法的最新研究进展,揭示了离子穿插过程中晶格的变化情况。评价了不同制备方法(溶胶-凝胶法、水热法、喷雾干燥法)对NMVP正极材料的形貌、颗粒大小等影响规律。此外,针对NMVP正极材料使用过程中严重的体积效应、低电子电导率等问题,总结了目前主流改性方法并归纳了不同方法的优缺点。最后展望了NMVP正极材料大规模应用于储能领域的前景,指明了未来NMVP正极材料的潜在研究方向。
Sodium-ion batteries are widely used in the field of re-storage because of the advantages of abundant raw material storage,wide distribution range,and safety.Sodium manganese vanadium phosphate (NMVP) has attracted wide attention due to its large theoretical capacity (111mA/g),good structural stability,and long service life.However,NMVP materials have drawbacks such as low electronic conductivity and poor structural stability,which hinder their further commercialization.To address these issues,researchers have attempted to modify them using doping,capping and structural design to enhance their electrochemical properties.In this paper,the latest research progress of sodium storage mechanism (two-step de-embedding mechanism),preparation and modification methods of NMVP cathode materials were reviewed,and the changes of lattice during the ion intercalation process were revealed.The influence laws of different preparation methods (sol-gel,hydrothermal,and spray-drying techniques) on the morphology and particle size of NMVP cathode materials were evaluated.In addition,the current mainstream modification methods were summarized,and the advantages and disadvantages of different methods were compared for the serious volume effect and low electronic conductivity during the use of NMVP cathode materials.Finally,the prospects of large-scale application of NMVP cathode materials in energy storage were envisioned,and the potential research directions of NMVP cathode materials in the future were pointed out.
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基金资助
四川省特种碳石墨材料工程技术研究中心项目(2022DT06);材料腐蚀与防护四川省重点实验室项目(2022CL21);智能控制与电子器件应用技术泸州市重点实验室开放基金项目资助(ZK202305);四川轻化工大学科研创新团队计划资助(SUSE652A008);四川轻化工大学研究生创新基金项目资助(Y2024056)
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