随着柔性电子技术的飞速发展,柔性传感器作为其核心组件之一,受到了广泛关注。导电水凝胶柔性传感器因其独特的柔韧性、生物相容性和可拉伸性,在可穿戴电子、电子皮肤和软体机器人等领域展现出巨大的应用潜力。综述了功能性导电水凝胶的制备策略、性能改进方法以及在柔性传感器中的应用研究,探讨了其发展前景和面临的挑战,以期为未来的研究提供参考和启示。
With the rapid advancement of flexible electronic technology,flexible sensors,as one of core components,have garnered widespread attention.Conductive hydrogel-based flexible sensors exhibit considerable potential for application in areas such as wearable electronics,electronic skin,and soft robotics,owing to their unique properties of flexibility,biocompatibility,and stretchability.This paper reviewed the preparation strategies,methods for performance enhancement,and research on the applications of functional conductive hydrogels in flexible sensors.Additionally,it discussed the development prospects and challenges faced in this field,aiming to provide valuable references and inspiration for future research.
[1] Zhai W,Li X Y,Xia Q J,et al.Multi-functional and flexible helical fiber sensor for micro-deformation detection,temperature sensing and ammonia gas monitoring[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2021,211:108621.
[2] Chen L R,Chang X H,Wang H,et al.Stretchable and transparent multimodal electronic-skin sensors in detecting strain,temperature,and humidity[J].Nano Energy,2022,96:107077.
[3] Lee J W,Choi Y,Jang J,et al.High sensitivity flexible paper temperature sensor and body-attachable patch for thermometers[J].Sensors and Actuators A:Physical,2020,313:112205.
[4] Chen Z X,Yang Z T,Yu T Y,et al.Sandwich-structured flexible PDMS@graphene multimodal sensors capable of strain and temperature monitoring with superlative temperature range and sensitivity[J].Composites Science and Technology,2023,232:109881.
[5] Cao X Z,He T X,Sui J Q,et al.PVA/KGM dual network hydrogels doped with carbon nanotube-collagen corona as flexible sensors for human motion monitoring[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry C,2024,12(9):3333-3344.
[6] Lu J,Hu O,Gu J,et al.Tough and anti-fatigue double network gelatin/polyacrylamide/DMSO/Na2SO4 ionic conductive organohydrogel for flexible strain sensor[J].European Polymer Journal,2022,168:111099.
[7] Shan C,Che M,Cholewinski A,et al.Adhesive hydrogels tailored with cellulose nanofibers and ferric ions for highly sensitive strain sensors[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2022,450:138256.
[8] Zhou S,Guo K,Bukhvalov D,et al.Cellulose hydrogels by reversible ion-exchange as flexible pressure sensors[J].Advanced Materials Technologies,2020,5(9):2000358.
[9] Niu Q Q,Huang L,Fan S A,et al.3D printing silk fibroin/polyacrylamide triple-network composite hydrogels with stretchability,conductivity,and strain-sensing ability as bionic electronic skins[J].ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering,2024,10(5):3489-3499.
[10] Bai H,Chen D,Zhu H,et al.Photo-crosslinking ionic conductive PVA-SbQ/FeCl3 hydrogel sensors[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2022,648:129205.
[11] Du G L,Gao G R,Hou R X,et al.Tough and fatigue resistant biomimetic hydrogels of interlaced self-assembled conjugated polymer belts with a polyelectrolyte network[J].Chemistry of Materials,2014,26(11):3522-3529.
[12] Zhang D,Jian J,Xie Y,et al.Mimicking skin cellulose hydrogels for sensor applications[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2022,427:130921.
[13] 陈欣良,李巧玲,刘振兴,等.聚吡咯导电水凝胶的制备及其研究进展[J].化工新型材料,2024,52(4):65-68.
[14] Zhang Y,Chen K,Li Y,et al.High-strength,self-healable,temperature-sensitive,MXene-containing composite hydrogel as a smart compression sensor[J].ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2019,11(50):47350-47357.
[15] Luan H,Zhang D,Xu Z,et al.MXene-based composite double-network multifunctional hydrogels as highly sensitive strain sensors[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry C,2022,10(19):7604-7613.
[16] Yang P C,Bai J W,Olivieri F,et al.Antifreeze polyvinyl alcohol organohydrogel sensors containing polypyrrole nanowires self-assembled onto graphene oxide nanoplatelets with high electrical conductivity and improved mechanical properties[J].Advanced Materials Technologies,2024,DOI:10.1002/admt.2400970.
[17] Cao P R,Tao L M,Gong J H,et al.4D printing of a sodium alginate hydrogel with step-wise shape deformation based on variation of crosslinking density[J].ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2021,3(12):6167-6175.
[18] Liang Y J,Wang K F,Li J J,et al.Low-molecular-weight supramolecular-polymer double-network eutectogels for self-adhesive and bidirectional sensors[J].Advanced Functional Materials,2021,31(45):2104963.
[19] Wu Q,Jiang C,Zhao Y,et al.Cellulose nanofiber-based hybrid hydrogel electrode with superhydrophilicity enabling flexible high energy density supercapacitor and multifunctional sensors[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2024,276:134003.
[20] Wang J,Du P,Hsu Y,et al.Smart versatile hydrogels tailored by metal-phenolic coordinating carbon and polypyrrole for soft actuation,strain sensing and writing recognition[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2024,493:152671.
[21] Ma Y Y,Lu Y,Yue Y Y,et al.Nanocellulose-mediated bilayer hydrogel actuators with thermo-responsive,shape memory and self-sensing performances[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2024,335:122067.
[22] Zhao N Y,Yuan W Z.Functionally integrated bioglass microspheres-composited double-network hydrogel with good tissue adhesion and electrical conductivity for efficient wound treatment and health detection[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2022,242:110095.
[23] Deng X Y,Wang W T,Du D L,et al.Conductive hydrogels with a bilayer structure to realize multifunctions in extreme environments[J].ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2023,5(8):6346-6353.
[24] Fu Z W,Li D L,Liu H,et al.Antifreeze protein-based ultrastretchable and highly sensitive hydrogel for human-machine interaction[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2024,488:150775.
[25] Wang W,Zhou H L,Xu Z S,et al.Flexible conformally bioadhesive MXene hydrogel electronics for machine learning-facilitated human-interactive sensing[J].Advanced Materials,2024,36(31):2401035.
基金资助
重庆市教育委员会科技项目(KJQN202205404)