随着科技的进步,人们对新能源的需求日益增加,特别是对锂离子电池的需求与日俱增。由于锂离子电池容易热失控,因此产生了非常多的安全隐患,极大地限制了锂离子电池的广泛应用。锂离子电池通常由正极、负极、离子隔膜、电解液和铝塑膜等构成。其中,隔膜的存在让阳极和阴极在物理上是分开的,同时在阴极和阳极之间提供离子传输通道。它决定了电池是否安全以及使电池与充放电相关的功能实现。常见的隔膜材质是聚烯烃类化合物,但这类材料本身存在一些不可忽视的缺陷。可以通过对隔膜改性,或者用别的材料替代传统材料获取更好的隔膜。重点阐述了常规锂离子电池隔膜(聚乙烯膜、聚丙烯膜、双层聚烯烃膜、三层聚烯烃膜)安全存在的主要问题,并提出了解决安全问题的若干方法,即干法、湿法、静电纺丝法及其改性方法。同时提出了3种新型隔膜材料及其改性方法,即聚偏二氟乙烯-六氟丙烯类、聚酰亚胺和纤维素等。最后展望了锂离子电池隔膜的发展趋势。
With the advancement of technology,the demand for new energy is increasing day by day,especially for lithium-ion batteries.Due to the easy thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries,there are many safety hazards,which greatly limits the wide application of lithium-ion batteries.Lithium-ion batteries usually consist of positive electrode,negative electrode,ion separator,electrolyte,and aluminum-plastic film.Among them,the presence of the ion separator separates the anode and cathode,while providing an ion transport channel between the cathode and anode.It determines whether the battery is safe and enabling the functions related to charging and discharging to be realized.At present,the common separator material is polyolefin compounds,but these materials have some significant defects that cannot be ignored.Improvements can be made by modifying existing separators or replacing traditional materials with alternative ones to achieve better performance.This paper focused on the main safety issues associated with conventional lithium-ion battery separators (polyethylene membrane,polypropylene membrane,double-layer polyolefin membrane,and three-layer polyolefin membrane),and put forward several methods to address these safety concerns,namely,dry method,wet method,electrospinning method and their modification methods.At the same time,three new separator materials,PVDF-HFP,PI and cellulose,and their modification methods were proposed.Finally,the development trends of lithium-ion battery separators were discussed.
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基金资助
2022年天津市京津冀协同创新项目(滨海石化产业研究院创新平台建设22PTXTHZ00020)
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