复合材料结构超级电容器(SSC)是一种新型的结构/储能一体化多功能复合材料,有望同时满足新能源汽车等交通工具对高效储能与结构承载的双重需求,具有广泛的应用前景。作为SSC的重要组成部分,固态聚合物电解质(SPE)肩负着载荷传递与离子传导的双重功能,很大程度上决定了SSC的储能与力学性能。高性能SSC要求SPE兼具优良的离子电导率及力学性能。然而,SPE的离子电导性能与力学性能往往相互制约。制备兼具优良离子电导性能与力学性能的SPE是当前开发高性能SSC存在的主要挑战。主要对SPE制备的研究现状进行较为系统的评述,重点介绍了锂盐/有机溶剂电解液型SPE、离子液体电解液型SPE、纳米增强改性型SPE的制备方法,分析了不同制备方法对SPE及SSC性能的影响,并进一步对SPE研制面临的挑战及未来发展趋势进行了展望。
Structural supercapacitor (SSC) is a new type of multi-functional composite material that integrates structure and energy storage,which is expected to meet the dual requirements of efficient power storage and structural bearing capacity for new energy vehicles and other transports,thus having extensive application prospects.As an important component of SSC,solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) plays a dual role of load transfer and ionic conduction,which largely determines the energy storage and mechanical properties of SSC.The development of high-performance SSC requires SPE to possess excellent ionic conductivity and mechanical properties.However,the ionic conductivity and mechanical properties of SPE are often constrained by each other.The preparation of SPE with excellent ionic conductivity and mechanical strength is a major challenge in the current development of high-performance SSCs.In this paper,the current research status of the preparation of SPE was systematically reviewed.It highlighted the preparation methods for lithium salt/organic solvent electrolyte-based SPEs,SEP ionic liquid electrolyte-based SPEs,and nano-reinforced SPEs.The effects of different preparation methods on the performance of SPEs and SSCs were analyzed.Moreover,the challenges and future development trends of SPEs were prospected.
[1] Pandey D,Kumar K S,Henderson L N,et al.Energized composites for electric vehicles:a dual function energy-storing supercapacitor-based carbon fiber composite for the body panels[J].Small,2022,18(9):2107053.
[2] Sarfraz M S,Hong H,Kim S S.Recent developments in the manufacturing technologies of composite components and their cost-effectiveness in the automotive industry:a review study[J].Composite Structures,2021,266:113864.
[3] Zhou Y,Qi H,Yang J,et al.Two-birds-one-stone:multifunctional supercapacitors beyond traditional energy storage[J].Energy & Environmental Science,2021,14(4):1854-1896.
[4] Liu X,Li J X,Liu Y H,et al.Achieving enhanced multifunctional performance for structural composite supercapacitors by reinforcing interfaces with polymer coating[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2024,665:603-612.
[5] Hubert O,Todorovic N,Bismarck A.Towards separator-free structural composite supercapacitors[J].Composites Science and Technology,2022,217:109126.
[6] Anurangi J,Herath M,Galhena D T L,et al.The use of fiber reinforced polymer composites for construction of structural supercapacitors:a review[J].Advanced Composite Materials,2023,32(6):942-986.
[7] Xu Y,Lu W,Xu G,et al.Structural supercapacitor composites:a review[J].Composites Science and Technology,2021,204:108636.
[8] Deka B K,Hazarika A,Kim J,et al.Recent development and challenges of multifunctional structural supercapacitors for automotive industries:review on multifunctional structural supercapacitors[J].International Journal of Energy Research,2017,41(10):1397-1411.
[9] Sha Z,Huang F,Zhou Y,et al.Synergies of vertical graphene and manganese dioxide in enhancing the energy density of carbon fibre-based structural supercapacitors[J].Composites Science and Technology,2021,201:108568.
[10] Chan K Y,Jia B,Lin H,et al.A critical review on multifunctional composites as structural capacitors for energy storage[J].Composite Structures,2018,188:126-142.
[11] Hudak N S,Schlichting A D,Eisenbeiser K.Structural supercapacitors with enhanced performance using carbon nanotubes and polyaniline[J].Journal of the Electrochemical Society,2017,164(4):A691-A700.
[12] Sánchez-Romate X F,Bosque A D,Artigas-Arnaudas J,et al.A proof of concept of a structural supercapacitor made of graphene coated woven carbon fibers:EIS study and mechanical performance[J].Electrochimica Acta,2021,370:137746.
[13] Greenhalgh E S,Nguyen S,Valkova M,et al.A critical review of structural supercapacitors and outlook on future research challenges[J].Composites Science and Technology,2023,235:109968.
[14] Shirshova N,Qian H,Shaffer M S P,et al.Structural composite supercapacitors[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2013,46:96-107.
[15] Dharmasiri B,Stojcevski F,Usman K A S,et al.Flexible carbon fiber based structural supercapacitor composites with solvate ionic liquid-epoxy solid electrolyte[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2023,455:140778.
[16] Shirshova N,Bismarck A,Carreyette S,et al.Structural supercapacitor electrolytes based on bicontinuous ionic liquid-epoxy resin systems[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2013,1(48):15300-15309.
[17] Shirshova N,Bismarck A,Greenhalgh E S,et al.Composition as a means to control morphology and properties of epoxy based dual-phase structural electrolytes[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2014,118(49):28377-28387.
[18] Yu Y,Zhang B,Wang Y,et al.Co-continuous structural electrolytes based on ionic liquid,epoxy resin and organoclay:effects of organoclay content[J].Materials & Design,2016,104:126-133.
[19] Zhang J,Yan J,Zhao Y,et al.High-strength and machinable load-bearing integrated electrochemical capacitors based on polymeric solid electrolyte[J].Nature Communications,2023,14:1-12.
[20] Huang F,Zhou Y,Sha Z,et al.Surface functionalization of electrodes and synthesis of dual-phase solid electrolytes for structural supercapacitors[J].ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2022,14(27):30857-30871.
[21] Choi J,Zabihi O,Varley R J,et al.Enhancement of ionic conduction and mechanical properties for all-solid-state polymer electrolyte systems through ionic and physical bonding[J].Materials Today Chemistry,2022,23:100663.
[22] Wang Y,Qiao X,Zhang C,et al.Development of structural supercapacitors with epoxy based adhesive polymer electrolyte[J].Journal of Energy Storage,2019,26:100968.
[23] Javaid A,Khalid O,Shakeel A,et al.Multifunctional structural supercapacitors based on polyaniline deposited carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites[J].Journal of Energy Storage,2021,33:102168.
[24] Joyal N,Chang Y C,Shonar M,et al.Solid polymer electrolytes with hydrates for structural supercapacitors[J].Journal of Energy Storage,2022,51:104459.
[25] 翟冬梅,郭鹏卓,黄宏斌,等.超级电容器电极材料及电解液的研究进展[J].化工新型材料,2024,52(1):47-53.
[26] 汤小杨,曾良,曾子雅,等.离子液体超级电容器中固液界面传热的分子动力学模拟研究[J].中国科学:化学,2021,51(10):1442-1449.
[27] Li S,Zhao Y,Zhang Z,et al.Preparation and characterization of epoxy/carbon fiber composite capacitors[J].Polymer Composites,2015,36(8):1447-1453.
[28] Ding Y,Qi G,Cui Q,et al.High-performance multifunctional structural supercapacitors based on in situ and ex situ activated-carbon-coated carbon fiber electrodes[J].Energy & Fuels,2022,36(4):2171-2178.
[29] Ganguly A,Karakassides A,Benson J,et al.Multifunctional structural supercapacitor based on urea-activated graphene nanoflakes directly grown on carbon fiber electrodes[J].ACS Applied Energy Materials,2020,3(5):4245-4254.
[30] Zhao Y,Xu H,Cai G,et al.Multi-functional structural supercapacitor based on manganese oxide-hydroxide nanowires modified carbon fiber fabric electrodes[J].Polymer Composites,2022,43(11):8458-8470.
[31] Tu V,Asp L E,Shirshova N,et al.Performance of bicontinuous structural electrolytes[J].Multifunctional Materials,2020,3(2):025001.
[32] 殷霄飞,王辉,陈柏旭,等.复合型聚合物电解质纳米填料研究进展[J].化工新型材料,2024,52(1):13-17.
[33] 李素敏.结构-储能型碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料的制备及性能研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2014.
[34] Kwon S J,Kim T,Jung B M,et al.Multifunctional epoxy-based solid polymer electrolytes for solid-state supercapacitors[J].ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2018,10:35108-35117.
[35] Feng Q,Yang J,Yu Y,et al.The ionic conductivity,mechanical performance and morphology of two-phase structural electrolytes based on polyethylene glycol,epoxy resin and nano-silica[J].Materials Science and Engineering:B,2017,219:37-44.
[36] Muñoz B K,Del Bosque A,Sánchez M,et al.Epoxy resin systems modified with ionic liquids and ceramic nanoparticles as structural composites for multifunctional applications[J].Polymer,2021,214:123233.
[37] Javaid A,Ho K,Bismarck A,et al.Improving the multifunctional behaviour of structural supercapacitors by incorporating chemically activated carbon fibres and mesoporous silica particles as reinforcement[J].Journal of Composite Materials,2018,52(22):3085-3097.
[38] Li S,Jiang H,Tang T,et al.Improved electrochemical and mechanical performance of epoxy-based electrolytes doped with mesoporous TiO2[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2018,205:23-28.
[39] Deka B K,Hazarika A,Kwon O,et al.Multifunctional enhancement of woven carbon fiber/ZnO nanotube-based structural supercapacitor and polyester resin-domain solid-polymer electrolytes[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,325:672-680.
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(U23A2067);宁波市科技创新2025重大专项(2023Z149和2022Z102)
PDF
