针对复合材料构件的力热性能和成型工艺要求,研究了用于RTM成型的低黏度抗烧蚀苯并噁嗪树脂体系及其复合材料性能。变温黏温和等温黏温测试结果表明,苯并噁嗪树脂在90℃起始黏度低于600mPa·s,8h保温后黏度低于800mPa·s,可以满足RTM工艺灌注要求。同时,苯并噁嗪树脂在70～120℃范围内具有适宜的黏度,在100℃和110℃下的注胶工艺开放期均大于8h。在氮气氛围下,该苯并噁嗪树脂体系热失重分两个阶段,在281℃发生5%热失重,800℃残炭率为51.3%,表明其具有良好的抗烧蚀性能。通过DMA分析,RTM成型碳纤维/苯并噁嗪树脂复合材料的Tg为277℃,具有良好的耐高温性能。采用RTM工艺制得的碳纤维/苯并噁嗪树脂复合材料表现出良好的力学性能,室温层间剪切强度达65.5MPa,150℃拉伸性能保留率达99%以上,压缩、弯曲性能保留率达70%以上,层剪性能保留率也达63%。
Aiming at the mechanical and thermal properties of composite components and the requirements of molding process,the low-viscosity anti-ablative benzoxazine resin system and its composite properties for RTM molding were studied.The results of varying temperature viscosity and isothermal viscosity tests showed that the initial viscosity of benzoxazine resin was lower than 600mPa·s at 90℃ and lower than 800mPa·s after 8h of heat preservation,which could meet the requirements of RTM process perfusion.At the same time,the benzoxazine resin had a suitable viscosity in the range of 70～120℃,and the opening period of the injection process was greater than 8h at 100℃ and 110℃.Under nitrogen atmosphere,the thermal weight loss of the benzoxazine resin system was divided into two stages,with a 5% at 281℃ and a carbon residue rate of 51.3% at 800℃,indicating excellent ablative resistance.By DMA analysis,the Tg of RTM carbon fiber/benzoxazine resin composite was 277℃,demonstrating good high-temperature resistance.The carbon fiber/benzoxazine resin composites prepared by RTM process showed good mechanical properties,with interlaminar shear strength of 65.5MPa at room temperature,retention of tensile property of more than 99% at 150℃,retention of compression and bending properties of more than 70%,and retention of shear property of 63%.
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