化工新型材料

化工新型材料 ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3) : 35-41. DOI: 10.19817/j.cnki.issn1006-3536.2025.03.048

综述与专论

高镍三元正极材料高压性能研究进展

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Research progress on high-voltage performance of nickel rich ternary cathode materials

Zhang Hongtao, Huang Wanyou, Chu Ruixia

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Received		Published
2024-09-30		2025-03-20
Issue Date	Revised Date
2025-03-19	2024-09-30

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摘要

高镍三元正极材料(Li(Ni_1-x-yCo_xMn_y)O₂,x+y≤0.4,记为NCM)在高压条件下仍然面临结构稳定性差、界面副反应严重等问题,限制了其在动力电池中的广泛应用。通过离子掺杂、表面包覆、电解液优化和复合改性等多种改性技术,可显著提高高镍三元正极材料的结构稳定性和电化学性能。据此,综述了高镍三元正极材料针对高压性能的改性和优化方法,结果发现,掺杂元素可抑制不利相变,增强锂离子扩散;表面包覆可有效隔离电解液,减少副反应;电解液优化可形成稳定界面层,提升循环性能和容量保持率。尤其是复合改性,可进一步整体显著提升高镍三元正极材料在高压条件下的综合性能。对高镍三元正极材料高压性能的研究,可为其在高能量密度动力锂电池中的应用提供了新的理论支撑和依据。

Abstract

Nickel rich ternary cathode material (Li(Ni_1-x-yCo_xMn_y)O₂,x+y≤0.4,denoted as NCM) still faces some issues such as poor structure stability and serious interface side reactions at high-voltage,which limits the application in power lithium-ion batteries.The structure stability and electrochemical performance of nickel rich ternary cathode materials can be significantly improved by various modification techniques,such as ion doping,surface coating,electrolyte optimization and composite modification.This review summarized the modification and optimization methods for enhancing the high-voltage performance of nickel rich ternary cathode materials.It was found that doping elements could inhibit the adverse phase transition and enhance the diffusion of lithium ions.Surface coating could effectively isolate the electrode from the electrolyte and reduce side reactions.Electrolyte optimization could form a stable interface layer and improve cycle performance and capacity retention.In particular,synergistic modification could further prominently improve the overall performance of nickel rich ternary cathode materials at high-voltage.The research on the high-voltage performance of nickel rich ternary cathode materials could provide new theoretical support and basis for their application in high-energy-density power lithium-ion batteries.

关键词

动力锂离子电池 / 高镍三元正极材料 / 高压稳定性 / 改性优化

Key words

power lithium-ion battery / nickel rich ternary cathode material / high-voltage stability / modification optimization

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高镍三元正极材料高压性能研究进展[J]. 化工新型材料, 2025, 53(3): 35-41 DOI:10.19817/j.cnki.issn1006-3536.2025.03.048

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