锂硫电池因具有2600Wh/kg的高理论能量密度而备受关注,但硫正极的低导电性以及多硫化物的穿梭效应制约了锂硫电池的商业化应用。采用碳基材料提高硫正极的导电性被认为是简单有效的方法,但是非极性的碳材料不能有效抑制多硫化物的穿梭效应。近年来,各种过渡金属氧化物已被证实能有效抑制多硫化物的穿梭效应和提高锂硫电池的电化学性能,因为过渡金属氧化物可以通过路易斯酸碱作用对多硫化物形成稳定的化学吸附以及协同转化功能。综述了近10年来过渡金属氧化物在锂硫电池中的应用进展,分析总结了钛系、锰系、钒系及其他过渡金属氧化物的结构与性能之间的关系和影响规律,指出了目前过渡金属氧化物面临的挑战并展望了其未来的研究方向。
Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) have attracted much attention due to their high theoretical energy density of 2600Wh/kg.However,the low conductivity of sulfur cathode and the shuttle effect of polysulfides still restrict the practical commercial application of the LSBs.Using carbon-based materials are considered to be simple and effective methods to improve the conductivity of sulfur cathode,but the non-polar carbon materials have no inhibition effect towards the polysulfides shuttling.In recent years,various transition metal oxides (TMOs) have been proved to effectively inhibit the shuttle effect and improve the electrochemical performance of the LSBs,because the TMOs could provide the stable chemisorption and synergistic conversion of the polysulfides by a Lewis acid-base interaction.The application progress of transition metal oxides in lithium-sulfur batteries in the past ten years was reviewed.The influence of the structure of titanium (Ti)/manganese (Mn)/vanadium (V)-based TMOs and other transition metal oxides on the electrochemical properties of the LSBs was investigated and summarized.Moreover,the current research challenges were pointed out,and the future development directions were prospected.
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基金资助
云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”青年人才专项(YNQR-QNRC-2019-020);国家自然科学基金(51972282)
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