化工新型材料

化工新型材料 ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2) : 170-174. DOI: 10.19817/j.cnki.issn1006-3536.2025.02.039

科学研究

深冷处理对锂离子电池正极尖晶石锰酸锂结构及性能的影响

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Effects of cryogenic treatment on the structure and performance of spinel lithium manganese cathode for lithium-ion battery

Liu Chaoshuai¹, Li Zhenjing², Fan Guangxin¹, Meng Dexuan¹, Cai Haiyang¹

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Received
2024-01-18
Issue Date	Revised Date
2025-02-20	2024-01-18

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摘要

用液氮在-150℃下对锂离子电池正极材料LiMn₂O₄进行深冷处理,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学性能等表征手段对材料的结构、形貌及电化学性能进行了测试。结果表明:深冷处理不改变LiMn₂O₄的立方尖晶石结构,但对电化学性能影响显著。当处理时长为30min时,效果最佳,材料的大倍率放电能力及循环性能提升明显,10C条件下放电比容量由原始的45.2mAh/g提高到65.6mAh/g,200周循环容量保持率(1C)高达97.9%。究其原因:深冷处理使电极颗粒产生微裂纹,电解液透过微裂纹渗入到颗粒的内部,增加了正极与电解液之间的有效接触面积,缩短了锂离子的输运路径,降低了电极极化和电荷转移阻抗,从而提升了材料的大倍率性能;同时,裂纹的存在缓解了锂离子在反复脱嵌过程中引起的电极体积变化,释放了晶格畸变而产生的应力,使材料结构的稳定性增加,循环性能提升。

Abstract

LiMn₂O₄ cathode material for Li-ion battery was subjected to cryogenic treatment with liquid nitrogen at -150℃.The structure,morphology and electrochemical properties of the material were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical test methods.The results showed that cryogenic treatment could influence the electrochemical performance of the cathode significantly without changing the crystal structure of LiMn₂O₄.The optimum high-rate discharge capability and cycle performance of the material were achieved during 30 minutes cryogenic treatment.The discharge specific capacity at 10C increased from the original 45.2mAh/g to 65.6mAh/g,and the capacity retention at 1C after 200 cycles was as high as 97.9%.The reasons for the improvement of high-rate capability and cycle performance were that cryogenic treatment caused micro-cracks in the electrode particles,and liquid electrolyte infiltrated into the interior of the particle through the micro-cracks,which increased the effective contact area between cathode and electrolyte,shorten lithium diffusion pathways,and lower electrode polarization and charge transfer resistance,thereby improving the high-rate performance of the cathode.In addition,the cracks provided room to buffer the volume changes during charge-discharge and released the stress caused by lattice distortion,which improved the structural stability and cycle performance of the material.

关键词

深冷处理 / 锂离子电池 / 正极材料 / 锰酸锂 / 电化学性能

Key words

cryogenic treatment / lithium-ion battery / cathode material / LiMn₂O₄ / electrochemical performance

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深冷处理对锂离子电池正极尖晶石锰酸锂结构及性能的影响[J]. 化工新型材料, 2025, 53(2): 170-174 DOI:10.19817/j.cnki.issn1006-3536.2025.02.039

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