超疏水材料因具有非凡的润湿特性而得到广泛应用。但是,目前制备的大部分超疏水表面耐久性较差,因而严重限制了其实际应用。从超疏水机理出发,介绍了超疏水表面的失效机理,综述了近年来提高超疏水表面耐久性的方法,包括在材料表面构建多级的微纳米粗糙结构、加入粘合剂、制备一体化结构或者自修复性能的超疏水表面。最后总结了超疏水表面存在的一些问题,并展望了其未来的发展方向。
Superhydrophobic materials are widely used due to their extraordinary wetting properties.However,most of the superhydrophobic surfaces currently prepared have poor durability,which severely limits their practical applications.Starting from the superhydrophobic mechanism,this article introduced the failure mechanism of superhydrophobic surfaces and reviewed the methods to improve the durability of superhydrophobic surfaces in recent years,including constructing multi-level micro-nano rough structures on material surfaces,adding adhesives,preparing integrated structures or self-healing superhydrophobic surfaces.Finally,some issues related to superhydrophobic surfaces were summarized,and their future development prospects were discussed.
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金(51573136)
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