生物炭因其原材料来源广泛、环境友好、比表面积高、表面官能团丰富、稳定的物化性质以及制备成本低等优点,作为最具潜力的吸附材料已受到广泛关注。主要介绍了生物炭的来源,包括植物基、动物基以及污泥基这3种生物炭,重点描述了生物炭对水中重金属、有机污染物以及无机营养盐的吸附机理。详细归纳总结了提升生物炭吸附性能的改性强化措施,包括球磨、微波、蒸汽活化的物理方法,酸、碱、金属及金属氧化物改性的化学方法,以及微生物辅助改性的生物方法。最后,对生物炭吸附方面的发展应用进行了展望。
Biochar has attracted widespread attention as the most promising adsorption material due to its wide source of raw materials,environmental friendliness,high specific surface area,rich surface functional groups,stable physicochemical properties,and low preparation cost.This article mainly introduced the sources of biochar,including plant-based,animal-based and sludge-based biochar,with a focus on describing the adsorption mechanisms of biochar for heavy metals,organic pollutants,and inorganic nutrients in water.A detailed summary was provided on the modification and enhancement measures to improve the adsorption performance of biochar,including physical methods such as ball milling,microwave,and steam activation,chemical methods involving acid,alkali,metal,and metal oxide modification,and biological methods like microbial-assisted modification.Finally,the prospects were made for the development and application of biochar in adsorption.
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基金资助
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28110100);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20230203174SF和20210202053NC);北华大学校企联合产业化项目(北华校科字[2022]02)
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