系统综述了铝/聚四氟乙烯(Al/PTFE)复合材料的研究进展。就复合材料的动态力学性能而言,应变率越大,强度越高;复合材料中Al含量增加,弹性模量和屈服强度随之增加;温度升高,复合材料韧性增加,但动态压缩强度降低;铁粉、镍粉、钨粉、氧化铜、氢化钛、氢化锆等可以提高Al/PTFE复合材料的抗压强度。就复合材料的热性能而言,Al/n-PTFE的放热量远高于其他铝热剂,且纳米级铝粉与PTFE的反应性优于微米级铝粉。就复合材料的点火和燃烧性能而言,复合材料中PTFE的质量含量约35%时,燃烧压力最高,燃烧时间最短,中心火焰温度也最高;限域空心结构的复合材料样品燃烧优于实心、空心、核壳结构的样品;氢化钛、高氯酸铵、碳纳米管具有一定的助燃作用。就复合材料的冲击反应性能而言,加载应变率越高,材料反应延迟时间越小,反应越剧烈,且纳米级铝粉反应性和反应程度优于微米级铝粉;添加氧化物(三氧化铋、氧化铜、三氧化钼和三氧化铁)可以调节材料的能量释放特性。就复合材料的反应完全性而言,其作为弹丸发射速率越高,反应越完全;铝粉含量对反应完全性有非常显著的影响;氧化铜可以提高反应的完全性。就复合材料的应用场景而言,其对靶板的毁伤效果、纵火能力、提高推进剂力学性能和燃烧效率、作为防护材料的防护效果,比传统材料都有显著提高。此研究结果预计会对火炸药行业和战斗部行业从业者有重要的参考价值。
This article systematically reviewed the research progress of Al/PTFE composite materials.In terms of the dynamic mechanical properties of composite materials,the larger the strain rate,the higher the material strength.The increase in Al content in composite materials results in an increase in elastic modulus and yield strength.As the temperature increases,the toughness of the composite material increases,but the dynamic compressive strength decreases.Iron powder,nickel powder,tungsten powder,copper oxide,titanium hydride,zirconium hydride,etc.can improve the compressive strength of Al/PTFE composites.Regarding the thermal performance of composite materials,the heat release of Al/n-PTFE is much higher than that of other aluminothermic agents,and the reactivity between nanoscale aluminum powder and PTFE is better than that of microscale aluminum powder.For ignition and combustion performance of composite materials,when the mass content of PTFE in the composite material is about 35%,the composite material exhibits the highest combustion pressure,the shortest combustion time,and the highest center flame temperature.Composite material samples with confined hollow structures burn better than samples with solid,hollow,and core-shell structures.Titanium hydride,ammonium perchlorate,and carbon nanotubes have a certain combustion supporting effect.As far as the impact response performance of composite materials,the higher the loading strain rate,the smaller the reaction delay time of the material,and the more intense the reaction.Moreover,the reactivity and degree of reaction of nanoscale aluminum powder are better than those of micrometer scale aluminum powder.Adding oxides (bismuth trioxide,copper oxide,molybdenum trioxide,and iron trioxide) can adjust the energy release characteristics of materials.In light of the reaction completeness of composite materials,the higher the launching rate of materials as projectiles,the more complete the reaction.The aluminum content has a very significant effect on the completeness of the reaction.Copper oxide can improve the completeness of the reaction.As for the application scenarios of composite materials,the damage effect of materials on target plates,arson ability,improvement of propellant mechanical properties and combustion efficiency,and the protective effect as protective materials have significantly improved compared to traditional materials.The research results of this article are expected to be an important reference for practitioners in the explosive and warhead industries.
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金(12372337)
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