为解决锂离子电池负极材料体积膨胀导致电化学性能严重下降的问题,将镓锡(GaSn)液态合金与碳纳米纤维网络相结合作为锂离子电池负极材料。分别通过物理吸附和静电纺丝两种方式将GaSn合金约束或包覆在纳米纤维导电网络中,对材料的形貌、结构以及性能进行表征和分析。结果表明:GaSn液态合金通过超声空化效应形成亚微米级合金微球。将GaSn合金吸附在碳纳米纤维膜基底上,合金团聚成大颗粒嵌在纳米纤维网络表面,导致其余合金无法渗透到内部,影响GaSn合金在电化学性能方面的发挥。而将GaSn合金混合静电纺丝、炭化后,大量合金被碳膜包覆,均匀分布在纳米纤维网络中,粒径大小均一,材料在循环过程中由于液态合金良好的自愈合性、流动性以及灵活性,可修复脱嵌锂时产生的破损以及充分紧附纳米纤维导电网络,提高锂离子传输效率。从第2圈充放电循环至100圈后,容量保持率高达93.6%。
In order to solve the problem of serious deterioration of electrochemical performance caused by the volume expansion of lithium-ion battery anode materials,gallium-tin (GaSn) liquid alloy and carbon nanofiber network were combined as lithium-ion battery anode materials.GaSn alloys were constrained or encapsulated in nanofiber conductive networks by physical adsorption and electrostatic spinning,respectively.The morphology,structure and properties of the GaSn alloy were characterized and analyzed.The results showed that the GaSn liquid alloy formed submicron alloy microspheres through ultrasonic cavitation effect.When GaSn alloy was adsorbed on the carbon nanofiber membrane substrate,the alloy agglomerated into large particles and embedded on the surface of the nanofiber network,resulting in the inability of other alloys to penetrate into the interior,which affected the performance of GaSn alloy in terms of electrochemical properties.After the mixed electrospinning and carbonization of GaSn alloy,a large number of alloys were covered by carbon film and evenly distributed in the nanofiber network with uniform particle size.Due to the good self-healing,fluidity and flexibility of the liquid alloy,the material in the cycle process could repair the damage caused by lithium removal and fully adhere to the conductive nanofiber network,improving the transmission efficiency of lithium-ion.After the second charge and discharge cycle to 100 cycles,the capacity retention rate was as high as 93.6%.
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基金资助
新疆特种纺织材料的开发与应用研究天山创新团队(2017D14002);2020年天山青年计划(2020Q003);新疆自治区研究生教育教学改革项目(XJ2022GY07)
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