由活性炭、生物质炭、石墨烯、碳纳米管和介孔碳等碳基材料作为纳米零价铁(nZVI)载体的环境功能复合材料具有高孔隙率、大比表面积、强吸附性和还原性等特点,被广泛应用于有机污染物和重金属的去除。综述了液相还原共沉淀、碳热还原、水热碳化和机械化学等碳基纳米零价铁复合材料(C@nZVI)的合成和表征方法。通过总结C@nZVI的主要应用对象和处理性能,归纳了各种C@nZVI的结构、特性和去除污染物的机理。C@nZVI不仅应用于水中有机污染物和重金属污染物的去除,还用于贵金属回收、电化学催化以及脱氮除磷生物反应器等新领域。目前,在C@nZVI合成方法的优化、C@nZVI的回收与利用,以及C@nZVI应用于复合污染修复等方向的研究仍需完善。总结归纳了C@nZVI合成与应用的最新进展,为C@nZVI的进一步研究和应用提供了最新信息。
Environmental functional composite materials using carbon-based materials such as activated carbon,biomass carbon,graphene,carbon nanotubes,and mesoporous carbon as carriers of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) have high porosity,large specific surface area,strong adsorption,and reduction properties,making them widely used in the removal of organic pollutants and heavy metals.This article reviewed the synthesis and characterization methods of carbon-based nanoscale zero-valent iron composite materials (C@nZVI),including liquid-phase reduction co-precipitation,carbon thermal reduction,hydrothermal carbonization,and mechanochemical methods.By summarizing the main application objects and treatment performance of C@nZVI,the structures,properties,and mechanisms of various C@nZVI for pollutant removal were summarized.C@nZVI has been applied not only for the removal of organic pollutants and heavy metal pollution in water but also for precious metal recovery,electrochemical catalysis,and denitrification and phosphorus removal bioreactors and other new fields.Currently,further research is needed to optimize the synthesis methods of C@nZVI,recover and utilize C@nZVI,and apply C@nZVI to the remediation of complex pollution.This review summarized the latest progress in the synthesis and application of C@nZVI,providing the latest information for further research and application of C@nZVI,providing the latest information for further research and application of C@nZVI.
[1] 张瑞敏,朱保华,甘露.纳米零价铁的优化技术及应用研究进展[J].广州化工,2020,48(16):29-31,6.
[2] 黄潇月,王伟,凌岚,等.纳米零价铁与重金属的反应:“核-壳”结构在重金属去除中的作用[J].化学学报,2017,75(6):529-537.
[3] Zhang S,Lyu H,Tang J,et al.A novel biochar supported CMC stabilized nano zero-valent iron composite for hexavalent chromium removal from water[J].Chemosphere,2019,217:686-694.
[4] Gu C,Jia H,Li H,et al.Synthesis of highly reactive subnano-sized zero-valent iron using smectite clay templates[J].Environ Sci Technol,2010,44(11):4258-4263.
[5] Fu T,Zhang B,Gao X,et al.Recent progresses,challenges,and opportunities of carbon-based materials applied in heavy metal polluted soil remediation[J].Science of the Total Environment,2023,856:158810.
[6] Gopinath K P,Vo D V N,Gnana Prakash D,et al.Environmental applications of carbon-based materials:a review[J].Environmental Chemistry Letters,2021,19(1):557-582.
[7] Sun T,Levin B D A,Guzman J J L,et al.Rapid electron transfer by the carbon matrix in natural pyrogenic carbon[J].Nature Communications,2017,8(1):14873.
[8] Liu X,Lai D,Wang Y.Performance of Pb(Ⅱ) removal by an activated carbon supported nanoscale zero-valent iron composite at ultralow iron content[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2019,361:37-48.
[9] Li J,Chen C,Zhu K,et al.Nanoscale zero-valent iron particles modified on reduced graphene oxides using a plasma technique for Cd(Ⅱ) removal[J].Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers,2016,59:389-394.
[10] Dai Y,Hu Y,Jiang B,et al.Carbothermal synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbon-supported nano zero-valent iron with enhanced stability and activity for hexavalent chromium reduction[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2016,309:249-258.
[11] Mandal S,Pu S,He L,et al.Biochar induced modification of graphene oxide & nZVI and its impact on immobilization of toxic copper in soil[J].Environmental Pollution,2020,259:113851.
[12] Yang Z,Xu Z,Geng L,et al.Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on extractability of Sb and Cd in contaminated soil[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2020,205:111316.
[13] Wei G,Zhang J,Luo J,et al.Nanoscale zero-valent iron supported on biochar for the highly efficient removal of nitrobenzene[J].Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering,2019,13(4):61.
[14] Sheng G,Alsaedi A,Shammakh W,et al.Enhanced sequestration of selenite in water by nanoscale zero valent iron immobilization on carbon nanotubes by a combined batch,XPS and XAFS investigation[J].Carbon,2016,99:123-130.
[15] Wang Y,Zhao D,Feng S,et al.Ammonium thiocyanate functionalized graphene oxide-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron for adsorption and reduction of Cr(Ⅳ)[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2020,580:345-353.
[16] Liu X,Wang Y.Activated carbon supported nanoscale zero-valent iron composite:aspects of surface structure and composition[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2019,222:369-376.
[17] Gu H,Gao Y,Xiong M,et al.Removal of nitrobenzene from aqueous solution by graphene/biochar supported nanoscale zero-valent-iron:reduction enhancement behavior and mechanism[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2021,275:119146.
[18] Liu K,Li F,Cui J,et al.Simultaneous removal of Cd(Ⅱ) and As(Ⅲ) by graphene-like biochar-supported zero-valent iron from irrigation waters under aerobic conditions:synergistic effects and mechanisms[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2020,395:122623.
[19] Teng W,Fan J,Zhang W X.Iron-catalyzed selective denitrification over N-doped mesoporous carbon[J].ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2020,12(25):28091-28099.
[20] Glavee G N,Klabunde K J,Sorensen C M,et al.Chemistry of borohydride reduction of iron(Ⅱ) and iron(Ⅲ) Ions in aqueous and nonaqueous media.formation of nanoscale Fe,FeB,and Fe2B powders[J].Inorganic Chemistry,1995,34(1):28-35.
[21] Zhang Y,Su Y,Zhou X,et al.A new insight on the core-shell structure of zerovalent iron nanoparticles and its application for Pb(Ⅱ) sequestration[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2013,263:685-693.
[22] Liang W,Wang G,Peng C,et al.Recent advances of carbon-based nano zero valent iron for heavy metals remediation in soil and water:a critical review[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2022,426:127993.
[23] Liu X,Yang L,Zhao H,et al.Pyrolytic production of zerovalent iron nanoparticles supported on rice husk-derived biochar:simple,in situ synthesis and use for remediation of Cr(Ⅳ)-polluted soils[J].Science of the Total Environment,2020,708:134479.
[24] Yuan Y B,Zhang N,Hu X J I S,et al.Effects of wet and dry ball milling on the physicochemical properties of sawdust derived-biochar[J].Instrumentation Science & Technology,2020,48:287-300.
[25] He F,Zhao D.Preparation and characterization of a new class of starch-stabilized bimetallic nanoparticles for degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in water[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2005,39(9):3314-3320.
[26] Slijepčević N,Pilipović D T,Kerkez -D,et al.A cost effective method for immobilization of Cu and Ni polluted river sediment with nZVI synthesized from leaf extract[J].Chemosphere,2021,263:127816.
[27] Hoch L B,Mack E J,Hydutsky B W,et al.Carbothermal synthesis of carbon-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron particles for the remediation of hexavalent chromium[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2008,42(7):2600-2605.
[28] Parshetti G K,Kent Hoekman S,Balasubramanian R.Chemical,structural and combustion characteristics of carbonaceous products obtained by hydrothermal carbonization of palm empty fruit bunches[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,135:683-689.
[29] Yang L,Shen J,Zhang W,et al.Hydrothermally assisted synthesis of nano zero-valent iron encapsulated in biomass-derived carbon for peroxymonosulfate activation:the performance and mechanisms for efficient degradation of monochlorobenzene[J].Science of the Total Environment,2022,829:154645.
[30] Lyu H,Gao B,He F,et al.Effects of ball milling on the physicochemical and sorptive properties of biochar:experimental observations and governing mechanisms[J].Environmental Pollution,2018,233:54-63.
[31] Qu J,Liu Y,Cheng L,et al.Green synthesis of hydrophilic activated carbon supported sulfide nZVI for enhanced Pb(Ⅱ) scavenging from water:characterization,kinetics,isotherms and mechanisms[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2021,403:123607.
[32] Peng H,Wang J,Zhang X,et al.A review on synthesis,characterization and application of nanoencapsulated phase change materials for thermal energy storage systems[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2021,185:116326.
[33] Yan J,Qian L,Gao W,et al.Enhanced fenton-like degradation of trichloroethylene by hydrogen peroxide activated with nanoscale zero valent iron loaded on biochar[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):43051.
[34] Wang H,Cai S,Shan L,et al.Adsorptive and reductive removal of chlorophenol from wastewater by biomass-derived mesoporous carbon-supported sulfide nanoscale zerovalent iron[J].Nanomaterials (Basel),2019,9(12):1786.
[35] Gao J,Han D,Xu Y,et al.Persulfate activation by sulfide-modified nanoscale iron supported by biochar (S-nZVI/BC) for degradation of ciprofloxacin[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2020,235:116202.
[36] Wei G,Zhang J,Luo J,et al.Nanoscale zero-valent iron supported on biochar for the highly efficient removal of nitrobenzene[J].Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering,2019,13(4):61.
[37] 陈砚田,郄晗彤,张胤杰,等.还原氧化石墨烯负载零价铁的合成及对TNT废水处理[J].高等学校化学学报,2020,41(8):1836-1842.
[38] Liu Z,Zhang F,Hoekman S K,et al.Homogeneously dispersed zerovalent iron nanoparticles supported on hydrochar-derived porous carbon:simple,in situ synthesis and use for dechlorination of PCBs[J].ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,2016,4(6):3261-3267.
[39] Wu Y,Chen X,Han Y,et al.Highly efficient utilization of nano-Fe(0) embedded in mesoporous carbon for activation of peroxydisulfate[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2019,53(15):9081-9090.
[40] Abdelfatah A M,EL-Maghrabi N,Mahmoud A E D,et al.Synergetic effect of green synthesized reduced graphene oxide and nano-zero valent iron composite for the removal of doxycycline antibiotic from water[J].Scientific Reports,2022,12(1):19372.
[41] Cao X,Liu Q,Yue T,et al.Facile preparation of activated carbon supported nano zero-valent iron for Cd(Ⅱ) removal in aqueous environment[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2023,325:116577.
[42] Zhang T,Pan Z,Song D,et al.Interstitial compound Fe3C-doped Fe(0) nanoparticles embedded in mesoporous carbon efficiently boosting Cr(Ⅳ) removal[J].ACS ES&T Engineering,2023,3(1):131-137.
[43] Kang Z,Gao H,Hu Z,et al.Ni-Fe/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites for hexavalent chromium reduction in an aqueous environment[J].ACS Omega,2022,7(5):4041-4051.
[44] Zhao D,Teng W,Fan J,et al.Nanoscale zero-valent iron in mesoporous carbon (nZVI@C):stable nanoparticles for metal extraction and catalysis[J].J Mater Chem A,2017,5(9),DOI:10.1039/C6TA10007D.
[45] Wang J,Huang J J,Zhou Y,et al.Synchronous N and P removal in carbon-coated nanoscale zerovalent iron autotrophic denitrification-the synergy of the carbon shell and P removal[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2022,56(18):13314-13326.
[46] Teng W,Bai N,Liu Y,et al.Selective nitrate reduction to dinitrogen by electrocatalysis on nanoscale iron encapsulated in mesoporous carbon[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2018,52(1):230-236.
基金资助
江苏省双创团队项目[(2018)2017号]
PDF
