为拓宽SiO₂气凝胶(SA)的应用领域,以E-51环氧树脂(EP)、SA作为添加剂,采用常压干燥法,逐次与酚醛树脂(PF)、环氧树脂/酚醛树脂材料(EP/PF)混合,制备出SiO₂气凝胶/环氧树脂/酚醛树脂(SA/EP/PF)复合材料,通过傅立叶变换红外光谱、比表面积、孔径及力学性能测试,研究了SA、EP对PF隔热性能、力学性能的影响。结果表明:环氧树脂嫁接到酚醛树脂分子中,可改善酚醛树脂的力学性能,当环氧树脂添加量为20%时,最大拉伸强度提高了66%,最大弯曲强度提高了62.5%;当SiO₂气凝胶添加比例为1%时,SiO₂气凝胶/环氧树脂/酚醛树脂复合材料的导热系数最小,低至0.3185W/(m·K),隔热性能相比酚醛树脂提升16.14%,为SiO₂气凝胶推广应用提供了理论依据。

In order to broaden the application field of SiO₂ aerogel (SA),E-51 epoxy resin (EP) and SA were used as additives,and phenolic resin (PF),EP/PF composites were mixed with E-51 epoxy resin and SA one by one by atmospheric drying method to prepare SiO₂ aerogel/epoxy resin/phenolic resin (SA/EP/PF) composites.The effects of SiO₂ aerogel and EP on the thermal insulation and mechanical properties of PF were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,specific surface area,pore size and mechanical properties tests.The results showed that the successful grafting of EP into PF molecules could improve the mechanical properties of PF.When the amount of EP added was 20%,the maximum tensile strength increased by 66% and the maximum bending strength increased by 62%.When the addition ratio of SA was 1%,the thermal conductivity of SA/EP/PF composite was the smallest,as low as 0.3185W/(m·K),and the thermal insulation performance was 16.14% higher than that of PF,which provided a theoretical basis for the promotion and application of SA.