高吸水树脂(SAP)具有高度交联的三维网状结构,吸水性和保水性优异,是土壤生态修复的关键材料。SAP加入土壤后,依靠吸附作用可将细小的土壤颗粒聚集成团聚体,团聚体数量增多可增大土壤孔隙率,减少容重,进而提高土壤吸水性能。概述了SAP的微观结构特征及吸释水原理,总结了公路工程土壤修复对SAP耐盐性、耐候性、保水保肥性、可降解性等的要求,综述了SAP对土壤结构和物理组成的影响及修复效果并提出SAP材料的土壤修复机理,指出了公路工程土壤修复的特点并展望了SAP材料的应用前景。
Superabsorbent polymer (SAP) has a highly cross-linked three-dimensional network structure,excellent water absorption and retention properties,making it a crucial material for soil ecological restoration.After the addition of SAP to the soil,its high water-absorption capacity could aggregate small soil particles into clusters.The increased number of aggregates can raise the soil porosity,reduce the bulk density and consequently improve soil water absorption.The microstructure characteristics and water absorption principle of SAP were introduced.The performance requirements of SAP in terms of salt tolerance,weather resistance,water and fertilizer retention,and degradability during soil remediation of highway engineering were summarized.The effects of SAP on the soil structure and physical composition as well as remediation effects were reviewed.The mechanism of SAP materials in soil remediation was proposed.The characteristics of soil remediation in highway engineering and the application prospects of SAP materials were pointed out.
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52278427);陕西省重点研发计划(2023-YBGY-496);长安大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项(300102310301;300102311404)
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