基于航空航天热防护技术对多功能隔热材料的需求,制备了由力学缓冲层、高温隔热层和核心隔热层构成的功能梯度复合材料,材料应力适应性强、耐温性高、隔热性能优异。通过模拟计算的方法对复合材料的隔热性能进行研究,结果表明,30mm厚的复合材料在1000℃、1000s的热载荷下隔热性能优异,各功能层厚度影响复合材料的传热背温。随着力学缓冲层/高温隔热层相对厚度的增大,复合材料背温和核心隔热层热面温度均增大,由于核心隔热层耐温极限的限制,力学缓冲层厚度最大为12mm,此时复合材料背温为26.10℃。力学缓冲层/核心隔热层、高温隔热层/核心隔热层相对厚度增大时,复合材料背温增大,核心隔热层热面温度减小,力学缓冲层的厚度最小为6mm,此时复合材料背温为20.21℃,高温隔热层的厚度最小为10mm,此时复合材料背温为22.58℃。

In response to the requirements of aerospace thermal protection technology for multifunctional thermal insulation materials,functional gradient composites composed of mechanical buffer layer,high-temperature thermal insulation layer and core thermal insulation layer were prepared.These materials had strong stress adaptability,high temperature resistance and excellent heat insulation performance.The thermal insulation performance of composite materials was studied by simulation calculations.The results showed that the 30mm thick composite had excellent thermal insulation performance under a thermal load of 1000℃ for 1000s.The thickness of each functional layer affected the heat transfer back temperature of the composite.With the increase of the relative thickness of mechanical buffer layer/high temperature insulation layer,both the back temperature of the composite and the thermal surface temperature of core insulation layer increased.Due to the limit of the temperature resistance of core insulation layer,the maximum thickness of mechanical buffer layer was 12mm,and the corresponding composite back temperature was 26.10℃.When the relative thicknesses of mechanical buffer layer/core insulation layer and high-temperature insulation layer/core insulation layer increased,the back temperature of the composite increased,and the thermal surface temperature of core insulation layer decreased.The minimum thickness of mechanical buffer layer was 6mm,and the corresponding back temperature of the composite was 20.21℃.The minimum thickness of the high-temperature insulation layer was 10mm,and the corresponding back temperature of the composite was 22.58℃.