为提高硬质聚氨酯的阻燃性能,对蒙脱土进行有机改性,得到性能优异的改性有机蒙脱土(OMMT),将OMMT添加至硬质聚氨酯(RPUF)中,制备OMMT/RPUF纳米复合材料,通过测试分析发现:添加OMMT的聚氨酯复合材料,氧指数增加,最大热释放速率降低,降低总热释放量,降低了总烟释放量,复合材料的燃烧增长速率指数降低,火灾安全性明显提高;燃烧前,复合材料的泡孔多为封闭泡孔,未添加阻燃剂的RPUF孔泡结构孔径大,孔泡不密集,孔壁比较薄,泡孔容易被破坏,添加OMMT的RPUF的孔泡结构密集、均匀,添加EG的RPUF泡孔致密,形状呈多面体;燃烧后,纯RPUF表面凹凸不平,有裂纹和缝隙,添加OMMT的RPUF燃烧后碳层的厚度增加。OMMT的添加提高了RPUF复合材料的阻燃性能。
In order to improve the flame-retardant properties of rigid polyurethane,organic modification of montmorillonite was carried out to obtain modified organic montmorillonite (OMMT) with excellent performance,and then OMMT was added to rigid polyurethane (RPUF) to prepare OMMT/RPUF nano-composites.It was found by testing and analyzing that the addition of OMMT increased the oxygen index,decreased the maximum rate of heat release,total heat release,total smoke release and the combustion growth rate index of polyurethane composites,thus significantly improving the fire safety.Before combustion,the composite material's pores were mostly closed pores.The pore structure of the RPUF without added flame retardant had large pore size,non-dense pores and thin pore wall,and the pores were easily destroyed.The RPUF with added OMMT had a dense and uniform pore structure,and the RPUF with added EG had a dense pore structure with polyhedral shape.After combustion,the surface of pure RPUF became uneven,displaying cracks and gaps.Additionally,the carbon layer thickness of RPUF with OMMT increased after combustion.The addition of OMMT enhanced the flame-retardant characteristics of RPUF composites.
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金(51904032);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2020QE111);山东科技大学横向项目(SKDHKQ20230370)
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