与传统金属材料相比,混杂纤维复合材料具有轻质高强、耐疲劳和抗冲击韧性好等优点。为了得到既满足力学要求又节约成本的较优性能的前叉,通过有限元分析对碳纤维/玻璃纤维混杂复合材料的自行车前叉进行铺层优化设计。自行车前叉分为叉身和立管,在不改变材料铺层角度和厚度的前提下,分别改变叉身和立管的层间混杂比和铺层材料(碳纤维预浸布/玻璃纤维预浸布)顺序,计算前叉在服役状态下的力学性能。通过对比材料最大应力值以及材料成本,获得该条件下最优的前叉设计。结果表明:混杂复合材料叉身的最内层材料应该用玻璃纤维铺设。当自行车前叉叉身混杂比为1∶2,铺层顺序为[G3CGC];自行车前叉立管混杂比为3∶13,铺层顺序为[GCG12C2]时,所得碳/玻混杂复合材料前叉方案为最优铺层设计。5万次加速疲劳测试实验表明:采用优化后的铺层方案制备复合材料自行车前叉,可以满足前叉的耐疲劳性要求。
Compared with traditional metal materials,hybrid fiber composites have advantages such as lightweight,high strength,fatigue resistance and excellent impact toughness.In order to obtain a bicycle fork with better performance that meets the mechanical requirements and saves cost,a finite element model of bicycle fork with carbon fiber/glass hybrid fiber composite was established to optimize layup design.Bicycle fork is divided into fork body and vertical pipe.Without changing the layup angle and thickness of the hybrid composite,the inter-ply hybrid ratio and the layup sequence of the materials (carbon fiber prepreg/glass fiber prepreg) in the fork body and vertical pipe were changed separately to calculate the mechanical properties of the fork in service.By comparing the maximum stress value and the cost of the hybrid composite,the optimal fork design was obtained under this condition.The results demonstrated that the most inner ply of fork body should be laid with glass fiber.When the hybrid ratio of the fork body was 1∶2 and its stacking sequence was [G3CGC],and the hybrid ratio of the vertical pipe was 1∶3 and its stacking sequence was [GCG12C2],the obtained scheme of carbon fiber/glass hybrid fiber composite was the optimal layup design.The 50000 times accelerated fatigue test revealed that selecting the optimal layup scheme to make composite bicycle fork could meet the fatigue resistance requirement.
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基金资助
福建省自然科学基金项目(2021J01198);泉州市科技计划项目(2022C008R)
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