锂硫电池因其高比容量和高能量密度、环境友好等优点在新型锂电池研究中掀起热潮。然而锂硫电池内部严重的多硫化锂穿梭效应导致电池寿命缩短及库仑效率降低,极大地阻碍了其实际应用。许多研究表明,通过对隔膜进行合理设计和改性可以有效抑制多硫化物的穿梭。抑制穿梭的方法可分为物理阻断、化学吸附和催化。在众多隔膜材料中,碳材料因其电导率高、比表面积大、孔径可调而备受关注,但它们的非极性使其无法与极性的多硫化物产生强的相互作用,因此可对碳材料进行杂原子掺杂或引入官能团,或与极性组分复合成高极性的复合材料,以增强对多硫化物的吸附和快速转化。从锂硫电池的结构和工作原理展开介绍,并针对碳基材料、非碳的极性材料、碳基复合材料这三类功能材料,重点评述了基于商用多孔隔膜功能化的解决穿梭效应的最新进展,最后对锂硫电池隔膜的未来进行了展望。
Lithium-sulfur batteries have sparked widespread interest in the research of new lithium batteries due to their high specific capacity,high energy density,and environmental friendliness.However,the serious lithium polysulfide shuttle effect in Li-sulfur batteries leads to shorter battery life and lower coulomb efficiency,which greatly hinders their practical application.Many studies have shown that the shuttle of lithium polysulfides can be effectively inhibited by proper design and modification of the separator.The methods to inhibit the shuttling can be divided into physical blocking,chemical adsorption,and catalysis.Among many separator materials,carbon materials have attracted much attention of researchers because of their high electrical conductivity,large specific surface areas and adjustable pore size.However,their non-polarity makes them unable to have strong interaction with polar polysulfides.Carbon materials can be doped with heteroatoms or introduced functional groups,or combined with polar components to form highly polar composites,through which to enhance the adsorption and rapid conversion of polysulfides.In this paper,the structure and working principle of lithium-sulfur battery were introduced in detail,and the latest progress of solving the shuttle effect based on the functionalization of commercial porous separator was reviewed with emphasis on three types of function materials,namely,carbon-based materials,non-carbon polar materials and carbon-based composite materials.Finally,the future prospects of lithium-sulfur battery separators were discussed.
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