由于氮掺杂多孔碳材料不仅保留原有材料的高比表面积、高孔隙率和发达的孔道结构等优势,还兼具杂原子良好的润湿性能和导电性,被广泛应用于超级电容器电极材料的研究。以均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)和4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)为原料,通过水热法,在高温高压的条件下,分子链进行“自上而下”的折叠,形成三维纳米微球结构。借助对纳米球的高温热解,使氮元素保留在碳材料中,得到含有大量微孔和介孔结构的掺杂氮碳微球。当碳化温度达到800℃时,PI碳球具有709.39m2/g的高比表面积和良好的氮掺杂率,很大程度上提高了此类电极材料的比电容和润湿性能。电化学测试表明,当扫描速率为0.5A/g时,电极材料能够达到253.6F/g的比电容,且在电流密度达到10A/g时,电极材料的电容保持率为59.6%。同时,在循环10000次后,比电容保持率出现涨幅达到105%,具有优异的循环稳定性。综上,通过自组装和氮掺杂的有效结合,制备的3D氮掺杂多孔碳微球具有理想的电化学性能,为制备超级电容器电极材料提供了一种可供参考的工艺。
Because nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials not only retain the advantages of the original materials such as high specific surface area,high porosity and developed pore structure,but also have good wettability and conductivity of heteroatoms,they are widely used in the research of supercapacitor electrode materials.Using pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) as raw materials,three-dimensional nano microsphere structure was prepared through hydrothermal method under high temperature and high pressure conditions,in which the molecular chains were folded “top-down”.Through high-temperature pyrolysis of the nanospheres,the nitrogen element was retained in the carbon material to obtain the nitrogen-doped carbon microspheres with a large number of micropores and mesoporous structures.When the carbonization temperature reached 800 ℃,the PI porous carbon spheres had a high specific surface area of 709.39m2/g and a good nitrogen doping rate,which greatly improved the specific capacitance and wettability of the electrode materials.Electrochemical tests showed that the electrode material could reach a high specific capacitance of 253.6F/g,when the scanning rate was 0.5A/g,along with the capacitance retention rate of 59.6%,when the current density was 10A/g.At the same time,after 10000 cycles,the specific capacitance retention rate of the electrode materials increased up to 105%,demonstrating an excellent cycle stability.In summary,these rusults indicated that these 3D nitrogen-doped porous carbon microspheres had ideal electrochemical performance due to the effective combination of self-assembly and nitrogen doping,which provided a referable process for preparing electrode materials for supercapacitors.
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金(22035007)
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