PDF
摘要
为实现核电控制区一次性防护服溶解减容处理的目的,利用热水可溶的聚乙烯醇(PVA)为基材制备防护用PVA复合材料。通过溶液流延涂布法制备PVA膜,再利用超声波焊接将PVA膜与PVA水刺非织造布结合制备不同克重的PVA复合材料并对其性能进行研究。借助扫描电镜、红外光谱对PVA膜、PVA非织造布、PVA膜/PVA非织造布结合点的表面形貌及分子结构进行表征,同时通过水溶测试、力学性能测试、吸水性及透湿性测试研究PVA复合材料的热水溶解情况、力学性能及吸湿透湿能力。结果表明:PVA膜表面光洁,致密性好;PVA膜与PVA非织造布结合良好。所制备的6种不同克重的PVA复合材料,在70℃热水中开始溶解,随着温度的升高,复合材料溶解速度逐渐变快,模拟热水淋洒布样表面,布面变化不大。PVA非织造布克重影响其内部结构和纤维排列状态,从而对力学性能产生一定的影响,拉伸强度随着试样克重的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势。几种不同克重材料吸湿性能差异较小。综合比较发现当复合材料克重为85g/m2时材料性能较优。
Abstract
In order to realize the dissolution and volume reduction of disposable protective clothing in the nuclear power control area,PVA composites for protection were prepared using hot water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the substrate.PVA film was prepared by solution casting coating method,then the PVA film and PVA spunlace nonwoven fabric were combined by ultrasonic welding to prepare PVA composites with different weights and their properties were studied.The surface morphology and molecular structure of PVA film,PVA nonwoven fabric,PVA film/PVA nonwoven fabric bonding points were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy.At the same time,the hot water solubility,mechanical properties,moisture absorption and permeability of PVA composites were studied by water solubility test,mechanical property test,water absorption and moisture permeability test.The results showed that the PVA film had smooth surface and good compactness;the PVA film and PVA nonwoven fabric were well combined.The six PVA composites with different grams began to dissolve in hot water at 70℃.With the increase of temperature,the dissolution rate of the composite gradually became faster.The cloth surface did not change much when the simulated hot water was sprayed on the sample surface.The weight of PVA nonwoven fabric affected its internal structure and fiber arrangement,which had a certain impact on the mechanical properties.The tensile strength first increased and then decreased with the increase of sample weight.The hygroscopicity of several kinds of materials with different weight was little different.The comprehensive comparison indicated that when the weight of the composite was 85 g/m2,and the material performance was better.
关键词
聚乙烯醇
/
膜基复合材料
/
水溶性
/
力学性能
/
吸湿性
Key words
polyvinyl alcohol
/
membrane-based composite materials
/
water solubility
/
mechanical property
/
hygroscopicity
防护用PVA复合材料的制备及性能研究[J].
化工新型材料, 2024, 52(1): 189-193 DOI:10.19817/j.cnki.issn1006-3536.2024.01.043
[1] 郑金明,殷经鹏,陈辉,等.国外放射性废物管理现状[J].核电子学与探测技术,2021,41(5):821-827.
[2] 赵永康,陈晓秋,常向东,等.探索我国放射性废物处置的多种途径[J].中国核电,2019,12(3):252-258.
[3] 田楠,柴涛,张新宇,等.核电站废弃离子交换树脂减容化处置技术研究现状[J].化工新型材料,2022,50(4):31-36.
[4] 赵世怀,张翠翠,杨紫博,等.PVDF/PVA复合膜的制备与性能研究[J].化工新型材料,2018,46(5):60-63.
[5] 郭改萍,田梓赟,郭一泽,等.水溶性PVAL薄膜加工及应用研究进展[J].工程塑料应用,2022,50(8):158-164.
[6] Zhang Z D,Liu Y,Lin S D,et al.Preparation and properties of glutaraldehyde crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) membrane with gradient structure[J].Journal of Polymer Research,2020,27(8):226-228.
[7] Bhudolia S K,Gohel G,Leong K F,et al.Advances in ultrasonic welding of thermoplastic composites:a review[J].Materials,2020,13(6):1284.
[8] 胡颜刚,张念,李桥,等.红外光谱法测定聚乙烯醇结晶度的研究[J].工程塑料应用,2014,42(9):73-77.
[9] Sau S,Pandit S,Kundu S.Crosslinked poly (vinyl alcohol):structural,optical and mechanical properties[J].Surfaces and Interfaces,2021,25:101198.
[10] Miller-Chou B A,Koenig J L.A review of polymer dissolution[J].Progress in Polymer Science,2003,28(8):1223-1270.
[11] 马建伟.非织造布技术概论[M].北京:中国纺织出版社,2004,113.
基金资助
新疆维吾尔自治区科技支疆项目(2020E0239);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金-青年科学基金项目(2021D01C094)
