锂硫电池具有较高的理论比容量(1675Wh/kg)和能量密度(2600Wh/kg), 远远高于目前已经商用的锂离子电池, 是极具应用潜力和发展前景的新一代可充电电池储能体系。但在实际应用中, 锂硫电池高比能和长循环的优势很难实现:可溶解多硫化锂在充放电过程中不断地在正负极来回穿梭, 锂枝晶刺穿隔膜造成电池短路, 以及硫的不导电性和体积膨胀等问题, 严重阻碍了锂硫电池迈向实用化的脚步。介绍了钒基氧化物、钒基硫化物和钒基氮化物在锂硫电池中的应用, 包括正极硫宿主材料体系、隔膜改进、中间层设计等, 最后总结了钒基化合物在锂硫电池体系中的作用, 并对钒基化合物应用于高性能锂硫电池的未来前景和挑战做出展望。
Lithium-sulfur battery has a high theoretical specific capacity (1675Wh/kg) and energy density (2600Wh/kg), which are much higher than the current commercial lithium-ion batteries, and is a promising energy storage system for the next generation rechargeable batteries.However, in actual situations, the advantages of high specific energy and long cycle life of lithium-sulfur batteries are difficult to realize because that soluble lithium polysulfide continuously shuttles back and forth between the positive and negative electrodes during charging and discharging, lithium dendrites form and pierce the separator causing battery short-circuits, and the non-conductivity and volume expansion of sulfur, which have seriously hindered the practicality of lithium-sulfur batteries and refrained them from their practical application.From the perspective of the application of vanadium-based compounds to lithium-sulfur batteries, this review comprehensively introduced the applications of vanadium-based oxides, vanadium-based sulfides, and vanadium-based nitrides in lithium-sulfur batteries, including cathode sulfur host materials, separator improvements and the intermediate layer design.Finally, it summarized the role of vanadium-based compounds in the lithium-sulfur battery system, and looked forward to the future prospects and challenges of vanadium-based compounds used in high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries.
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金(51264016);昆明理工大学分析测试基金(2021M20202202184)
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