碳量子点是一种新型荧光纳米材料, 尺寸通常在10nm以下, 具有优异的光致发光性、良好的生物相容性、低毒性和易于表面功能化等特点, 被应用于环境监测和环境中污染物的去除。制备碳量子点的原料种类很多, 能够通过自上而下和自下而上两种方法制备。综述了碳量子点的制备方法以及碳量子点在环境领域的应用, 并对其发展前景进行展望。
Carbon quantum dots are a new type of fluorescent nano materials with sizes usually below 10nm.They are widely used in environmental monitoring, removal of pollutants due to the characteristics of excellent photoluminescence, good biocompatibility, low toxicity and easy surface functionalization.Carbon quantum dots can be synthesized by top-down and bottom-up methods from many kinds of raw materials.The preparation methods and the applications of carbon quantum dots in the field of environment were reviewed, and the development prospects were also discussed.
[1] Baker S N,Baker G A.Luminescent carbon nanodots:emergent nanolights[J].Angewandte Chemie International Edition,2010,49(38):6726.
[2] Molaei M J.Carbon quantum dots and their biomedical and therapeutic applications:a review[J].RSC Advances,2019,9(12):6460.
[3] Zhong H,Yu S,Li B,et al.Two-photon fluorescence and MR bio-imaging of endogenous H2O2 in the tumor microenvironment using a dual-mode nanoprobe[J].Chemical Communications,2021,57(51):6288.
[4] Ou S,Zheng Y,Lee S,et al.N-doped carbon quantum dots as fluorescent bioimaging agents[J].Crystals,2021,11(7):789.
[5] Chang Q,Zhou X,Xiang G,et al.Full color fluorescent carbon quantum dots synthesized from triammonium citrate for cell imaging and white LEDs[J].Dyes and Pigments,2021,193:109478.
[6] Nair A,Haponiuk J T,Thomas S,et al.Natural carbon-based quantum dots and their applications in drug delivery:a review[J].Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,2020,132:110834.
[7] Zhou Y,Peng Z,Seven E S,et al.Crossing the blood-brain barrier with nanoparticles[J].Journal of Controlled Release,2018,270:290.
[8] Liu B,Liu X,Li L,et al.ZnIn2S4 flowerlike microspheres embedded with carbon quantum dots for efficient photocatalytic reduction of Cr(Ⅵ)[J].Chinese Journal of Catalysis,2018,39(12):1901.
[9] Sargin I,Yanalak G,Arslan G,et al.Green synthesized carbon quantum dots as TiO2 sensitizers for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2019,44(39):21781.
[10] Li K,Su F,Zhang W.Modification of g-C3N4 nanosheets by carbon quantum dots for highly efficient photocatalytic generation of hydrogen[J].Applied Surface Science,2016,375:110.
[11] Chang Q,Li K K,Hu S L,et al.Hydroxyapatite supported N-doped carbon quantum dots for visible-light photocatalysis[J].Materials Letters,2016,175:44.
[12] Zhang Z,Wu L,Wang P,et al.Carbon quantum dots modified La2Ti2O7 nanosheets for visible light photocatalysis[J].Materials Letters,2018,230:72.
[13] Baragau I,Power N P,Morgan D J,et al.Continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis of blue-luminescent,excitation-independent nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots as nanosensors[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2020,8(6):3270.
[14] Huang P,Xu S,Fu H,et al.Fluorescent pressure sensor based on TiO2/carbon quantum dots bifunctional nanocomposite film[J].Journal of Materials Science:Materials in Electronics,2021,32(5):6487.
[15] Tammina S K,Yang D,Koppala S,et al.Highly photoluminescent N,P doped carbon quantum dots as a fluorescent sensor for the detection of dopamine and temperature[J].Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B:Biology,2019,194:61.
[16] Wei X,Lv L,Zhang Z,et al.Preparation of molecularly imprinted fluorescence sensor based on carbon quantum dots via precipitation polymerization for fluorescence detection of tetracycline[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2020,137(38):49126.
[17] Gan Z,Hu X,Huang X,et al.A dual-emission fluorescence sensor for ultrasensitive sensing mercury in milk based on carbon quantum dots modified with europium(Ⅲ) complexes[J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2021,328:128997.
[18] Zhang H,Wang H,Wang Y,et al.Controlled synthesis and photocatalytic performance of biocompatible uniform carbon quantum dots with microwave absorption capacity[J].Applied Surface Science,2020,512:145751.
[19] Jagannathan M,Dhinasekaran D,Soundharraj P,et al.Green synthesis of white light emitting carbon quantum dots:fabrication of white fluorescent film and optical sensor applications[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2021,416:125091.
[20] Boruah A,Saikia M,Das T,et al.Blue-emitting fluorescent carbon quantum dots from waste biomass sources and their application in fluoride ion detection in water[J].Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B:Biology,2020,209:111940.
[21] Gao R,Wu Z,Wang L,et al.Green preparation of fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots for sensitive detection of oxytetracycline in environmental samples[J].Nanomaterials,2020,10(8):1561.
[22] Chen J,Du H,Xu Y,et al.A turn-on fluorescent sensor based on coffee-ground carbon dots for the detection of sodium cyclamate[J].Journal of Materials Science:Materials in Electronics,2021,32(10):13581.
[23] Hu C,Zhu Y,Zhao X.On-off-on nanosensors of carbon quantum dots derived from coal tar pitch for the detection of Cu2+,Fe3+,and L-ascorbic acid[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part A:Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy,2021,250:119325.
[24] Singh A,Eftekhari E,Scott J,et al.Carbon dots derived from human hair for ppb level chloroform sensing in water[J].Sustainable Materials and Technologies,2020,25:e159.
[25] Thangaraj B,Solomon P R,Chuangchote S,et al.Biomass-derived carbon quantum dots-a review.Part 1:preparation and characterization[J].ChemBioEng Reviews,2021,8(4):265.
[26] Das R,Bandyopadhyay R,Pramanik P.Carbon quantum dots from natural resource:a review[J].Materials Today Chemistry,2018,8:96.
[27] Tajik S,Dourandish Z,Zhang K,et al.Carbon and graphene quantum dots:a review on syntheses,characterization,biological and sensing applications for neurotransmitter determination[J].RSC Advances,2020,10(26):15406.
[28] Jian X,Yang H,Li J,et al.Flexible all-solid-state high-performance supercapacitor based on electrochemically synthesized carbon quantum dots/polypyrrole composite electrode[J].Electrochimica Acta,2017,228:483.
[29] Tian L,Chen F,Ding H,et al.The influence of inorganic electrolyte on the properties of carbon quantum dots in electrochemical exfoliation[J].Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry,2020,878:114673.
[30] Cui L,Ren X,Wang J,et al.Synthesis of homogeneous carbon quantum dots by ultrafast dual-beam pulsed laser ablation for bioimaging[J].Materials Today Nano,2020,12:100091.
[31] Sun Y,Zhou B,Lin Y,et al.Quantum-sized carbon dots for bright and colorful photoluminescence[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2006,128(24):7756.
[32] Tao C,Wang J.Synthesis of metal organic frameworks by ball-milling:crystals[J].Crystals,2021,11(1):15.
[33] Wang L,Chen X,Lu Y,et al.Carbon quantum dots displaying dual-wavelength photoluminescence and electrochemiluminescence prepared by high-energy ball milling[J].Carbon,2015,94:472.
[34] Han Y,Chen Y,Wang N,et al.Magnesium doped carbon quantum dots synthesized by mechanical ball milling and displayed Fe3+ sensing[J].Materials Technology,2019,34(6):336.
[35] Jeon I Y,Shin Y R,Sohn G J,et al.Edge-carboxylated graphene nanosheets via ball milling[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2012,109(15):5588.
[36] Xu X,Ray R,Gu Y,et al.Electrophoretic analysis and purification of fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotube fragments[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2004,126(40):12736.
[37] Bottini M,Balasubramanian C,Dawson M I,et al.Isolation and characterization of fluorescent nanoparticles from pristine and oxidized electric arc-produced single-walled carbon nanotubes[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2006,110(2):831.
[38] Architha N,Ragupathi M,Shobana C,et al.Microwave-assisted green synthesis of fluorescent carbon quantum dots from Mexican Mint extract for Fe3+ detection and bio-imaging applications[J].Environmental Research,2021,199:111263.
[39] Wang X,Feng Y,Dong P,et al.A mini review on carbon quantum dots:preparation,properties,and electrocatalytic application[J].Frontiers in Chemistry,2019,7:671.
[40] Amer W A,Rehab A F,Abdelghafar M E,et al.Green synthesis of carbon quantum dots from purslane leaves for the detection of formaldehyde using quartz crystal microbalance[J].Carbon,2021,179:159.
[41] Baragau I,Power N P,Morgan D J,et al.Efficient continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis of carbon quantum dots from a targeted biomass precursor for on-off metal ions nanosensing[J].ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,2021,9(6):2559.
[42] Chandra S,Chowdhuri A R,Laha D,et al.Fabrication of nitrogen- and phosphorous-doped carbon dots by the pyrolysis method for iodide and iron(Ⅲ) sensing[J].Luminescence,2018,33(2):336.
[43] Din? B,?elebi A,Avaz G,et al.Spatial distribution and source identification of persistent organic pollutants in the sediments of the Ye?il?rmak River and coastal area in the Black Sea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2021,172:112884.
[44] Zhou Q,Lei M,Wu Y,et al.Magnetic solid phase extraction of bisphenol A,phenol and hydroquinone from water samples by magnetic and thermo dual-responsive core-shell nanomaterial[J].Chemosphere,2020,238:124621.
[45] Freire L,Guerreiro T M,Caramês E T S,et al.Influence of maturation stages in different varieties of wine grapes (vitis vinifera) on the production of ochratoxin A and its modified forms by aspergillus carbonarius and aspergillus niger[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2018,66(33):8824.
[46] Li Z,Liu Q,Lu X,et al.Magnetic metal-organic framework nanocomposites for enrichment and direct detection of environmental pollutants by negative-ion matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry[J].Talanta,2019,194:329.
[47] Aly N A,Dodds J N,Luo Y,et al.Utilizing ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry for the characterization and detection of persistent organic pollutants and their metabolites[J].Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2022,414(3):1245.
[48] Sut-Lohmann M,Raab T.Quick detection and quantification of iron-cyanide complexes using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,227:64.
[49] Devi P,Rajput P,Thakur A,et al.Recent advances in carbon quantum dot-based sensing of heavy metals in water[J].TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry,2019,114:171.
[50] Arumugam N,Kim J.Synthesis of carbon quantum dots from Broccoli and their ability to detect silver ions[J].Materials Letters,2018,219:37.
[51] Tai J Y,Leong K H,Saravanan P,et al.Facile green synthesis of fingernails derived carbon quantum dots for Cu2+ sensing and photodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol[J].Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering,2021,9(1):104622.
[52] Wang C,Shi H,Yang M,et al.Facile synthesis of novel carbon quantum dots from biomass waste for highly sensitive detection of iron ions[J].Materials Research Bulletin,2020,124:110730.
[53] 黄智泓,张文韬,郑逸,等.荧光碳量子点荧光淬灭法检测六价铬离子Cr6+[J].材料科学与工程学报,2021,39(3):496.
[54] Tang J,Zhang J,Zhang W,et al.Modulation of red-light emission from carbon quantum dots in acid-based environment and the detection of chromium(Ⅲ) ions[J].Journal of Materials Science & Technology,2021,83:58.
[55] Varisco M,Zufferey D,Ruggi A,et al.Synthesis of hydrophilic and hydrophobic carbon quantum dots from waste of wine fermentation[J].Royal Society Open Science,2017,4(12):170900.
[56] Zhang L,Wang Y,Liu W,et al.Corncob residues as carbon quantum dots sources and their application in detection of metal ions[J].Industrial Crops and Products,2019,133:18.
[57] Wang M,Ren X,Zhu L,et al.Preparation of mesoporous silica/carbon quantum dots composite and its application in selective and sensitive Hg2+ detection[J].Microporous and Mesoporous Materials,2019,284:378.
[58] Wu X,Song Y,Yan X,et al.Carbon quantum dots as fluorescence resonance energy transfer sensors for organophosphate pesticides determination[J].Biosensors and Bioelectronics,2017,94:292.
[59] 李义梅,陈谦.基于氮掺杂碳量子点荧光探针检测四环素[J].化学研究与应用,2021,33(5):813.
[60] Shang J,Zhao M,Qu H,et al.Fabrication of CQDs/MoS2/Mo foil for the improved electrochemical detection[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,2019,1079:79.
[61] Han G,Cai J,Liu C,et al.Highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on xylan-based Ag@CQDs-rGO nanocomposite for dopamine detection[J].Applied Surface Science,2021,541:148566.
[62] Feng X,Han G,Cai J,et al.Au@carbon quantum dots-MXene nanocomposite as an electrochemical sensor for sensitive detection of nitrite[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2022,607:1313.
[63] Liu B,Liu X,Li L,et al.ZnIn2S4 flowerlike microspheres embedded with carbon quantum dots for efficient photocatalytic reduction of Cr(Ⅵ)[J].Chinese Journal of Catalysis,2018,39(12):1901.
[64] Wang Q,Wang G,Liang X,et al.Supporting carbon quantum dots on NH2-MIL-125 for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants under a broad spectrum irradiation[J].Applied Surface Science,2019,467-468:320.
[65] 姜婷婷,石勇,柯军,等.基于碳量子点的TiO2改性及降解污染物性能[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2018,39(1):138.
[66] 王春来,李钒,杨焜,等.碳量子点-二氧化钛复合光催化剂的研究进展[J].材料导报,2018,32(19):3348.
[67] Wu P,Zhou C,Li Y,et al.Flower-like FeOOH hybridized with carbon quantum dots for efficient photo-Fenton degradation of organic pollutants[J].Applied Surface Science,2021,540:148362.
[68] Zhang L,Han Y,Yang J,et al.Construction and photocatalysis of carbon quantum dots/layered mesoporous titanium dioxide (CQDs/LM-TiO2) composites[J].Applied Surface Science,2021,546:149089.
[69] Desa A L,Hairom N H H,Ng L Y,et al.Industrial textile wastewater treatment via membrane photocatalytic reactor (MPR) in the presence of ZnO-PEG nanoparticles and tight ultrafiltration[J].Journal of Water Process Engineering,2019,31:100872.
[70] Rani U A,Ng L Y,Ng C Y,et al.Sustainable production of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and malachite green[J].Journal of Water Process Engineering,2021,40:101816.
[71] Aghamali A,Khosravi M,Hamishehkar H,et al.Synthesis and characterization of high efficient photoluminescent sunlight driven photocatalyst of N-Carbon quantum dots[J].Journal of Luminescence,2018,201:265.
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(52100124);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2020ME230和ZR2020QE027);生物基材料与绿色造纸国家重点实验室自主课题(ZZ20190108)
PDF
