聚焦聚合物填料的三要素(化学组成、尺寸、填料与聚合物的界面特性),提出将高温煅烧处理、机械破碎和填料表面改性处理相结合的组合技术路线,实验获得各处理阶段的关键技术参数。采用高温煅烧方式对煤矸石进行除碳及活化处理,通过TG/DSC、XRD、FT-IR和SEM等手段分析确定煅烧温度及其对煤矸石理化性质和微观结构的影响规律,同时揭示煅烧活化煤矸石的相关机制。随后,以煅烧后的煤矸石为原料,在机械破碎的同时添加硅烷偶联剂,一步直接制备小尺寸、表面改性的煤矸石填料,并通过FT-IR和SEM等手段考察硅烷偶联剂对煤矸石填料的表面改性、改性填料的粒径和分散状况。结果表明,煤矸石的最佳煅烧活化条件为500℃煅烧2h;通过“一步法”可以实现高效率制备小尺寸和表面改性煤矸石填料。
Focusing on the three key elements of polymer fillers (chemical composition,size,interface characteristics between filler and polymer),this work proposed a combined technology of high-temperature calcination treatment,mechanical crushing and filler surface treatment,and obtained the key technical parameters of each treatment process by systematic experiments.First,the high temperature calcination technology was used to remove carbon and activate the coal gangue.The calcination temperature and its influence on the physical and chemical properties and microstructure of coal gangue were determined through TG/DSC,XRD,FT-IR and SEM,and the activation mechanism of calcined coal gangue was discussed.Subsequently,the calcined coal gangue was used as the raw material,and the silane coupling agent was introduced during mechanical crushing to obtain a small-sized,surface-modified coal gangue filler by one-step method directly.The surface modification of coal gangue fillers by the silane coupling agent,the particle size and dispersion of modified fillers were investigated by FT-IR and SEM.Finally,the optimal calcination conditions of coal gangue was determined as 500℃ for 2h.The high-efficiency preparation of small-size and surface-modified coal gangue fillers could be achieved by the “one-step method”.
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基金资助
北京市自然科学基金(2212025)
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