相变材料在解决建筑能耗方面具有广阔应用前景。针对使用单一相变材料容易产生泄漏、导热性差、存在污染性、腐蚀性、过冷和相分离的问题,提出将相变材料制备成复合相变材料再添加到建筑材料中。对相变材料进行了细化分类,介绍了相变材料的选用原则;归纳了两大类最常用的复合相变材料的制备方法和热物性质研究方式;梳理了将相变材料应用到建筑节能领域的多种应用方式;总结了复合相变建筑材料的掺入对建筑控温的应用效果。综合分析表明:复合相变建筑材料的掺入对建筑物温度具有明显的调控效果。温度升高时,复合相变材料吸热降低室内温度;温度降低时,复合相变材料放热提高室内温度。复合相变材料结合建筑材料使用可以在一定程度上提高建筑物的热惰性和热舒适性,但应对其应用耐久性和稳定性应进行进一步研究,最后对其发展趋势进行了展望。
Phase change materials have promising applications in addressing energy consumption in buildings.In response to the problems of using single phase change materials,which were prone to leakage,poor thermal conductivity,existence of contamination,corrosiveness,subcooling and phase separation,it was proposed to prepare phase change materials into composite phase change materials before adding them to building materials.This paper refined the classification of phase change materials,introduced the selection principles of phase change materials,summarized the preparation methods and thermal property study methods of the two most common types of composite phase change materials,sorted out the various application methods of applying phase change materials to the field of building energy conservation,and summarized the application effects of doping composite phase change building materials on building temperature control.The comprehensive analysis showed that the admixture of composite phase change building materials had a significant effect on the regulation of building temperature.When the temperature rose,the composite phase change materials absorbed heat to reduce the indoor temperature.When the temperature decreased,the composite phase change materials exerted heat to increase the indoor temperature.The combination of composite phase change materials with building materials could improve the thermal inertia and thermal comfort of buildings to a certain extent,but their application durability and stability should be further studied.Finally,their development trend was prospected.
[1] 丁理峰,叶宏.相变材料和隔热材料在不同地区建筑中应用效果之比较分析[J].太阳能学报,2011,32(4):508-516.
[2] Prasad J S,Muthukumar P,Desai F,et al.A critical review of high-temperature reversible thermochemical energy storage systems[J].Applied Energy,2019,254:113733.
[3] Hekimoğlu G,Sari A,Arunachalam S,et al.Porous biochar/heptadecane composite phase change material with leak-proof,high thermal energy storage capacity and enhanced thermal conductivity[J].Powder Technology,2021,394:1017-1025.
[4] Grosu Y,Zhao Y Q,Giacomello A,et al.Hierarchical macro-nanoporous metals for leakage-free high-thermal conductivity shape-stabilized phase change materials[J].Applied Energy,2020,269:115088.
[5] Zhang H,Wang L,Xi S,et al.3D porous copper foam-based shape-stabilized composite phase change materials for high photothermal conversion,thermal conductivity and storage[J].Renewable Energy,2021,175:307-317.
[6] Zhao Y,Zhang X L,Xu X F,et al.Research progress in nucleation and supercooling induced by phase change materials[J].Journal of Energy Storage,2020,27:101156.
[7] Sharma A,Tyagi V V,Chen C R,et al.Review on thermal energy storage with phase change materials and applications[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2009,13(2):318-345.
[8] Karaipekli A,Sari A,Kaygusuz K.Thermal characteristics of paraffin/expanded perlite composite for latent heat thermal energy storage[J].Energy Sources,Part A:Recovery,Utilization,and Environmental Effects,2009,31(10):814-823.
[9] Sari A,Alkan C,Bilgin C.Micro/nano encapsulation of some paraffin eutectic mixtures with poly(methyl methacrylate) shell:preparation,characterizationand latent heat thermal energy storage properties[J].Applied Energy,2014,136:217-227.
[10] 张寅平,刘真泉,王馨,等.低温相变蓄冷材料蓄冷特性实验研究[J].暖通空调,2005,35(10):114-117.
[11] Umair M M,Zhang Y,Iqbal K,et al.Novel strategies and supporting materials applied to shape-stabilize organic phase change materials for thermal energy storage-a review[J].Applied Energy,2019,235:846-873.
[12] Salunkhe P B,Shembekar P S.A review on effect of phase change material encapsulation on the thermal performance of a system[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2012,16(8):5603-5616.
[13] Yang Y Y,Wu W D,Fu S Y,et al.Study of a novel ceramsite-based shape-stabilized composite phase change material (PCM) for energy conservation in buildings[J].Construction and Building Materials,2020,246:118479.
[14] Wu R Q,Gao W,Zhou Y H,et al.A novel three-dimensional network-based stearic acid/graphitized carbon foam composite as high-performance shape-stabilized phase change material for thermal energy storage[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2021,225:109318.
[15] Wang R,Ren M,Gao X J,et al.Preparation and properties of fatty acids based thermal energy storage aggregate concrete[J].Construction and Building Materials,2018,165:1-10.
[16] 魏堃,马骉.化学法制备相变材料微胶囊的研究进展[J].现代化工,2014,34(10):72-75.
[17] Magendran S S,Khan F S A,Mubarak N M,et al.Synthesis of organic phase change materials (PCM) for energy storage applications:a review[J].Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects,2019,20:100399.
[18] Wang X,Yin H,Chen Z,et al.Epoxy resin/ethyl cellulose microcapsules prepared by solvent evaporation for repairing microcracks:particle properties and slow-release performance[J].Materials Today Communications,2020,22:100854.
[19] Cai C W,Ouyang X,Zhou L,et al.Co-solvent free interfacial polycondensation and properties of polyurea PCM microcapsules with dodecanol dodecanoate as core material[J].Solar Energy,2020,199:721-730.
[20] Geng Z,Huang Y L,Sun G C,et al.In-situ polymerized solid-state electrolytes with stable cycling for Li/LiCoO2 batteries[J].Nano Energy,2021,91:106679.
[21] Ng D Q,Tseng Y L,Shih Y F,et al.Synthesis of novel phase change material microcapsule and its application[J].Polymer,2017,133:250-262.
[22] Butstraen C,Salaün F.Preparation of microcapsules by complex coacervation of gum Arabic and chitosan[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2014,99:608-616.
[23] Islam S.Impact of pH on structural and sensing characteristics of cresol red encapsulated polyethylene glycol assisted silica nanomatrix:sol-gel method[J].Optical Materials,2021,121:111546.
[24] Cheng P,Wei K,Shi W S,et al.Preparation and performance analysis of phase change microcapsule/epoxy resin composite phase change material[J].Journal of Energy Storage,2021,47:103581.
[25] Huo J H,Peng Z G,Feng Q.Synthesis and properties of microencapsulated phase change material with a urea-formaldehyde resin shell and paraffin wax core[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2020,137(16):48578.
[26] Al-Shannaq R,Kurdi J,Al-Muhtaseb S,et al.Supercooling elimination of phase change materials (PCMs) microcapsules[J].Energy,2015,187:654-662.
[27] Zhen L P,Meng G P,Zhou B,et al.Efficient utilization of interparticle mesopores in aluminosilicate towards thermal energy storage[J].Journal of Energy Storage,2021,36:102359.
[28] Sun X P,Yi M M,Feng B,et al.Shape-stabilized composite phase change material PEG@TiO2 through in situ encapsulation of PEG into 3D nanoporous TiO2 for thermal energy storage[J].Renewable Energy,2021,170:27-37.
[29] Sun Z,Sun K,Zhang H Z,et al.Development of poly (ethy-lene glycol)/silica phase-change microcapsules with well-defined core-shell structure for reliable and durable heat energy storage[J].Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells,2021,225:111069.
[30] Ren M,Wen X D,Gao X J,et al.Thermal and mechanical properties of ultra-high performance concrete incorporated with microencapsulated phase change material[J].Construction and Building Materials,2021,273:121714.
[31] Wu S F,Yan T,Kuai Z H,et al.Thermal conductivity enhancement on phase change materials for thermal energy storage:a review[J].Energy Storage Materials,2020,25:251-295.
[32] Kumaresan V,Chandrasekaran P,Nanda M,et al.Role of PCM based nanofluids for energy efficient cool thermal sto-rage system[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2013,36(6):1641-1647.
[33] Cai W C,He F F,Zhang Q P,et al.Experimental and numerical simulation of phase change process for paraffin/expanded graphite/ethylene-vinyl acetate ternary composite[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2020,169:114896.
[34] Cheng P,Chen X,Gao H Y,et al.Different dimensional nanoadditives for thermal conductivity enhancement of phase change materials:fundamentals and applications[J].Nano Energy,2021,85:105948.
[35] Bondareva N S,Sheremet M A.Heat transfer performance in a concrete block containing a phase change material for thermal comfort in buildings[J].Energy and Buildings,2022,256:111715.
[36] Marani A,Madhkhan M.Thermal performance of concrete sandwich panels incorporating phase change materials:an experimental study[J].Journal of Materials Research and Technology,2021,15:760-775.
[37] Ren M,Liu Y S,Gao X J.Incorporation of phase change material and carbon nanofibers into lightweight aggregate concrete for thermal energy regulation in buildings[J].Energy,2020,197:117262.
[38] Parameshwaran R,Naresh R,Vinayaka Ram V,et al.Microencapsulated bio-based phase change material-micro concrete composite for thermal energy storage[J].Journal of Building Engineering,2021,39:102247.
[39] Jayalath A,Nicolas R S,Sofi M,et al.Properties of cementitious mortar and concrete containing micro-encapsulated phase change materials[J].Construction and Building Materials,2016,120:408-417.
[40] Rebelo F,Figueiredo A,Vicente R,et al.Study of a thermally enhanced mortar incorporating phase change materials for overheating reduction in buildings[J].Journal of Energy Sto-rage,2022,46:103876.
[41] Bake M,Shukla A,Liu S L.Development of gypsum plasterboard embodied with microencapsulated phase change material for energy efficient buildings[J].Materials Science for Energy Technologies,2021,4:166-176.
[42] Srinivasaraonaik B,Singh L P,Sinha S,et al.Studies on the mechanical properties and thermal behavior of microencapsulated eutectic mixture in gypsum composite board for thermal regulation in the buildings[J].Journal of Building Engineering,2020,31:101400.
[43] Lv S L,Zhu N,Feng G H.Impact of phase change wall room on indoor thermal environment in winter[J].Energy and buildings,2006,38(1):18-24.
[44] Junaid M F,Ur rehman Z,Čekon M,et al.Inorganic phase change materials in thermal energy storage:a review on perspectives and technological advances in building applications[J].Energy and Buildings,2021,252(315):111443.
[45] Romdhane S B,Amamou A,Khalifa R B,et al.A review on thermal energy storage using phase change materials in passive building applications[J].Journal of Building Engineering,2020,32:101563.
[46] Mahian O,Ghafarian S,Sarrafha H,et al.Phase change materials in solar photovoltaics applied in buildings:an overview[J].Solar Energy,2021,224:569-592.
[47] Cai R N,Sun Z G,Yu H,et al.Review on optimization of phase change parameters in phase change material building envelopes[J].Journal of Building Engineering,2021,35:101979.
基金资助
国家自然科学基金资助项目(41877240)
PDF
