环交联聚磷腈是一类以六氯环三磷腈为交联单元合成的有机-无机杂化高分子材料。此类聚合物通常由六氯环三磷腈与带有双官能团或者多官能团的共聚单体经共沉淀聚合制备,兼具机高分子与无机高分子的性能。相比于线型聚磷腈,环交联聚磷腈合成条件简单温和、产率高,具有独特的大网络交联结构,并拥有优异的分子可设计性、结构与性能可调控性、尺度与形态可调节性、热稳定性及耐溶剂性等特点,在树脂基复合材料的微纳增强、阻燃、界面调控等方面得到广泛应用。介绍了环交联聚磷腈的合成方法、结构与特性,重点概述了环交联聚磷腈在纳米增强树脂基复合材料、阻燃树脂基复合材料及纤维增强树脂基复合材料中的应用,并对环交联聚磷腈在复合材料领域的发展趋势做了进一步展望。
Cyclomatrix polyphosphazene is a class of organic-inorganic hybrid polymer materials synthesized by using hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) as crosslinking units.Such polymers are usually prepared by co-precipitation polymerization of HCCP and other comonomers with dual-functional groups or multi-functional groups,which possess the properties of both organic and inorganic polymers.Compared with linear polyphosphazenes,cyclomatrix polyphosphazenes have many advantages such as simple and mild synthesis conditions,high yield,excellent designability and controllability of molecular structure,property,size and morphology,as well as good thermal stability and solvent resistance due to their unique cross-linked structures.Thus,cyclomatrix polyphosphazenes have been widely used in many fields of polymer composites,such as micro-nano reinforcement,flame retardant and interface modification.This paper introduced the synthesis methods,structure and characteristics of cyclomatrix polyphosphazenes,summarized the applications of cyclomatrix polyphosphazenes in nano-polymer composites,flame retardant polymer composites and fiber reinforced polymer composites,and further discussed the development trend of cyclomatrix polyphosphazene in the field of composites.
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基金资助
国家自然料学基金(U1909220,51803225,51703232);浙江省自然科学基金(LY21E030012);宁波市科技创新2025重大专项(2019B10118,2019B10112,2020Z116);教育部科研项目(18TDGC025)
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