聚氨酯具有优异的力学性能和电性能,其应用领域逐渐由涂料、胶粘剂等传统领域拓展至结构复合材料。选用结构复合材料专用国产聚氨酯,采用差示扫描量热法分析树脂体系的固化放热特性,并对比分析了聚氨酯和环氧树脂及其复合材料的力学性能和电性能。结果表明:聚氨酯反应起始温度及峰值温度比环氧树脂低,固化速度快;聚氨酯的强度高于环氧树脂,断裂伸长率很高,韧性好;聚氨酯树脂的电阻率较低,介电常数较高。聚氨酯/玻纤复合时生成的孔隙缺陷较多,层间剪切较低,复合材料拉伸性能与环氧/玻璃纤维相当,应进一步优化聚氨酯配方体系以及复合材料成型工艺,以提高界面结合强度,减少缺陷,有望加快其在复合材料领域的应用。
Polyurethane has excellent mechanical and electrical properties,and its application field is gradually expanded from traditional coatings and adhesives to structural composites.In our research work,domestic polyurethane was studied contrast with epoxy resin.Curing exothermic properties of resins were analyzed by using differential scanning calorimetry.In addition,the mechanical and electrical properties of polyurethane,epoxy resin and their composites were studied.The results showed that the initial reaction temperature and peak temperature of polyurethane were lower than that of epoxy;The tensile strength of polyurethane was higher than that of epoxy,and the fracture elongation was very high,which indicated that polyurethane had good toughness.Polyurethane had low resistivity and high dielectric constant.The tensile properties of polyurethane/glass fiber composites were almost the same as epoxy/glass fiber.But interlaminar shear strength of polyurethane/glass fiber was lower than that of epoxy/glass fiber,which was mainly due to more defects in the polyurethane/fiberglass.Polyurethane formula should be further optimized ed in order to improve the interface bonding strength and reduce the defects.
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基金资助
国家电网公司科技项目(SGZJ0000KXJS1900221)
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