以柠檬酸、葡萄糖、草酸、尿素为单一有机碳源,碳酸钠、偏钒酸钠、磷酸二氢铵为钠源、钒源和磷源,使用溶胶-凝胶法合成了前驱体,再经氮气氛围煅烧制备了碳包覆磷酸钒钠复合材料。利用X射线衍射、动态光散射粒径分析、扫描电镜对材料晶体结构、粒径分布及微观形貌进行了详细表征,并分析研究了不同碳源对磷酸钒钠合成过程的影响。结果表明:以柠檬酸、葡萄糖、草酸为单一碳源均能制备出菱形结构的磷酸钒钠覆碳材料,其中以草酸为碳源合成的磷酸钒钠纯度高,结晶度好,形成的碳层均匀包覆在纳米级的球状磷酸钒钠颗粒的表面,产品平均粒度为220nm,粒径分布均匀。
Carbon coated sodium vanadium phosphate materials were synthesized by using sodium carbonate,sodium metavanadate,ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as the main raw materials,while individually using citric acid,glucose,oxalic acid,urea as single organic carbon source.The crystal structure,particle size and microstructure of the obtained products were characterized by XRD,dynamic light scattering particle size analysis and SEM.The results showed that sodium vanadium phosphate synthesized with oxalic acid as carbon source was of high purity and crystallinity with nanosphere morphology coated with evenly dispersed carbon.The product had average size of 220nm and narrow size distribution.Therefore,oxalic acid was proven to be a good carbon source for the preparation of carbon coated sodium vanadium phosphate.
[1] 岳国强.Li-Fe复合氧化物负极材料制备与工业化应用研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2010.
[2] Lu L,Han X,Li J,et al.A review on the key issues for lithium-ion battery management in electric vehicles[J].Journal of Power Sources,2013,226:272-288.
[3] Song W,Ji X,Pan C,et al.A Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode material for use in hybrid lithium ion batteries[J].Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,2013,15(34):14357-14363.
[4] Delmas C.Sodium and sodium-ion batteries:50 years of research[J].Advanced Energy Materials,2018,8(17):1703137.
[5] Fang Y,Xiao L,Chen Z,et al.Recent advances in sodium-ion battery materials[J].Electrochemical Energy Reviews,2018,1:294-323.
[6] 陆雅翔,赵成龙,容晓晖,等.室温钠离子电池材料及器件研究进展[J].物理学报,2018,67(12):39-49.
[7] 张荣华,邓刚,庞立娟,等.钠离子电池正极材料磷酸钒钠的研究进展[J].电源技术,2017,41(10):1505-1508.
[8] Song W,Cao X,Wu Z,et al.A study into the extracted ion number for NASICON structured Na3V2(PO4)3 in sodium-ion batteries[J].Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,2014,16(33):17681-17687.
[9] Jian Z,Yuan C,Han W,et al.Atomic structure and kinetics of NASICON NaxV2(PO4)3 cathode for sodium-ion batteries[J].Advanced Functional Materials,2014,24(27):4265-4272.
[10] Plashnitsa L S,Kobayashi E,Noguchi Y,et al.Performance of NASICON symmetric cell with ionic liquid electrolyte[J].Journal of the Electrochemical Society,2007,157(4):A536-A543.
[11] 宋维鑫,侯红帅,纪效波.磷酸钒钠Na3V2(PO4)3电化学储能研究进展[J].物理化学学报,2017,33(1):103-129.
[12] 朱洪刚.钠离子电池正极材料Na3V2(PO4)3/C的制备及其性能研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2019.
[13] Li H,Zhu Z,Duan W.Na3V2(PO4)3@C core-shell nanocomposites for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2014,2(23):8668-8675.
[14] Li H,Yu X,Bai Y,et al.Effects of Mg doping on remarkably enhanced electrochemistry performances of Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode material for sodium ion batteries[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2015,3(18):9578-9586.
[15] Li G,Jiang D,Wang H,et al.Glucose-assisted synthesis of Na3V2(PO4)3/C composite as an electrode material for high-performance sodium-ion batteries[J].Journal of Power Sources,2014,265(1):325-334.
[16] 石少楠.钠离子电池正极材料Na3V2(PO4)3的制备及性能研究[D].苏州:苏州大学,2018.
[17] 陈宇,李祖红,胡明明,等.多元醇热解合成Na3V2(PO4)3-Ni2P/C纳米复合材料及其表征[J].现代化工,2019,39(12):162-165.
[18] Ponrouch A,Dedryvere R,Monti D,et al.Towards high energy density sodium ion batteries through electrolyte optimization[J].Energy & Environmental Science,2013,6(8):2361-2369.
[19] 赵丽娜.钠离子电池电极材料Na3V2(PO4)3结构及电化学性能研究[D].北京:北京科技大学,2019.
[20] Li S,Dong Yi,Xu X,et al.Effect of carbon matrix dimensions on the electrochemical properties of Na3V2(PO4)3 nanograins for high-performance symmetric sodium-ion batteries[J].Advanced Materials,2014,26:3545-3553.
[21] 刘雷霆.聚苯胺改性磷酸钒钠正极材料的制备和电化学性能研究[J].通信电源技术,2019,36(4):61-64.
[22] 刘小红,冯桂林,吴振国,等.钠离子电池正极材料碳包覆磷酸钒钠的合成及电化学性能研究[J].磷肥与复肥,2019,34(9):28-30.
[23] Wang D,Dong N,Hui S,et al.Analysis of urea pyrolysis in 132.5～190℃[J].Fuel,2019,242:62-67.
[24] 沈伟.钠离子电池正极材料Na3V2(PO4)3的制备及其电化学性能改性研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2016.
基金资助
磷资源开发利用教育部工程研究中心开放基金(LKF2021001);国家自然科学基金(22078250)
PDF
