以改性天然碳水化合物结合碱式硫酸镁晶须(MHSH)混杂纤维为协效剂,结合膨胀阻燃剂(IFR)制备了阻燃型聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)木纤维复合材料。利用极限氧指数和垂直燃烧测试研究了复合材料的阻燃性能,并采用TG/DTA-MS对复合材料的热解过程、吸放热量和热解燃烧气体产物进行了分析。结果表明,5%的木薯渣作为碳源代替PBS提高了材料的阻燃性能。IFR/木薯渣/MHSH阻燃剂能够有效提高PBS的燃烧初始温度,并缩小燃烧温度范围。阻燃材料燃烧时,首先是IFR受热分解产生不可燃气体氨气在材料表层形成第一层阻燃保护层;其次,材料迅速燃烧产生的炭层形成第二层阻燃保护层;最后,在高温段MHSH分解形成第三层协效阻燃保护层。因此,最终形成了由外层不可燃气体氨气和内层天然碳水化合物MHSH膨胀炭层构成的气-固阻燃屏障,从而有效地提高了复合材料的阻燃性能。
The flame retardancy poly(butylene succinate)(PBS) wood fiber composites were prepared by using IFR and modified natural carbohydrates-MHSH.The flame retardant properties of the composites were studied by using the limiting oxygen index and vertical combustion test.TG/DTA-MS was used to analyze the pyrolysis process,heat absorption and pyrolysis combustion gas products of the composites.Experimental data showed that 5% of cassava dregs could be used as a carbon source instead of PBS to improve the flame retardant performance of the composites.IFR/cassava dregs/MHSH flame retardant could effectively increase the initial burning temperature of PBS,and reduced the burning temperature range.When the flame retardant composites were burned,first,the non-combustible gas ammonia generated by the thermal decomposition of IFR formed the first flame-retardant protective layer on the surface of the composites.Second,the carbon layer produced by the rapid burning of the composites formed a second flame-retardant protective layer.Finally,MHSH was decomposed to form a third layer of synergistic flame-retardant protective layer in the high temperature section.As a result,a gas-solid flame retardant barrier composed of an outer non-flammable gas ammonia and an inner natural carbohydrate-MHSH expanded carbon layer was formed.Thereby,the flame retardancy of the composites were effectively improved.
[1] 刘俊红,黄勇,刘峻川,等.PBS/淀粉复合材料性能研究[J].塑料科技,2019,47(4):48-83.
[2] Qahtani M,Wu F,Misra M,et al.Experimental design of sustainable 3D-printed poly(lactic acid)/biobased poly(butylene succinate) blends via fused deposition modeling[J].ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,2019,7(17):14460-14470.
[3] 王福春,王万坤,刘伟,等.生物降解PBS/MMT共混体系结晶行为研究[J].塑料科技,2018,46(4):80-88.
[4] Liu Y J,Mao L,Fan S H.Preparation and study of intumescent flame retardant poly(butylene succinate) using mgalznfe-CO3 layered double hydroxide as a synergistic agent[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2014,131(17):40736.
[5] Zhang S D,He Y,Yin Y,et al.Fabrication of innovative thermoplastic starch bio-elastomer to achieve high toughness poly(butylene succinate) composites[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2019,206:827-836.
[6] 毛龙,刘跃军,刘小超,等.层状前驱体制备复合金属氧化物及其协效阻燃脂肪族聚酯[J].高校化学工程学报,2017,31(2):434-441.
[7] 邹立勇,赵依纯,韩镔耀,等.三位一体膨胀型烷基次膦酸盐对生物降解塑料PBS的阻燃与抗熔滴作用[J].塑料工业,2018,46(2):104-108.
[8] Gu L L,Zhang S,Li H F,et al.Preparation of intumescent flame retardant poly(butylene succinate) using urea intercalated kaolinite as synergistic agent[J].Fibers and Polymers,2019,20(8):1631-1640.
[9] Jiang S C,Yang Y F,Ge S B,et al.Preparation and properties of novel flame-retardant PBS wood-plastic composites[J].Arabian Journal of Chemistry,2018,11(6):844-857.
[10] Zhang Y,Hu Y X,Wang J L,et al.Engineering carbon nanotubes wrapped ammonium polyphosphate for enhancing mechanical and flame retardant properties of poly(butylene succinate)[J].Composites Part A-Applied Science and Manufacturing,2018,115:215-227.
[11] Wang Y H,Liu C,Shi X H,et al.Synergistic effect of halloysite nanotubes on flame resistance of intumescent flame retardant poly(butylene succinate) composites[J].Polymer Composites,2019,40(1):202-209.
[12] Dumazert L,Rasselet D,Pang B,et al.Thermal stability and fire reaction of poly(butylene succinate) nanocomposites using natural clays and FR additives[J].Polymers for Advanced Technologies,2018,29(1):69-83.
[13] 岳小鹏,刘鹏杰,雷丹.酯化淀粉改性木薯渣纤维/PBS复合材料性能研究[J].林产化学与工业,2017,37(5):119-125.
[14] Yue X P,Li J,Liu P J,et al.Study on the performance of flame retardant esterified starch-modified cassava dregs-PBS composites[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2018,135(18):46210.
[15] Yue X P,Li J,Liu P J,et al.Investigation of flame-retarded poly (butylene succinate) composites using MHSH as synergistic and reinforced agent[J].Journal of Materials Science,2018,53(7):5004-5015.
[16] Li N,Xia Y,Mao Z W,et al.Influence of antimony oxide on flammability of polypropylene/intumescent flame retardant system[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2012,97:1737-1744.
