采用化学氧化法,通过控制表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的用量,在室温下制备得到微观形貌各异的聚苯胺(PANI)电极材料,利用红外光谱、扫描电镜、透射电镜、比表面积等方法对其进行结构表征,研究了SDS添加量对PANI微观结构的影响,以及SDS作为软模板调节苯胺聚合成纳米管状结构的机理,同时测试了材料的电化学性能。结果表明:SDS添加量为0.03g时,得到多孔纳米管状结构的PANI。在1mol/L H2SO4电解液中,电流密度为1A/g时,比电容高达630F/g,经2000次充放电循环之后,电容保持率仍可达到74.5%。当电流密度从1A/g增加到10A/g时,其容量保持率仍可以达到71.7%。
Nanostructure polyaniline (PANI) electrode materials were prepared by chemical oxidation polymerization of aniline assisted by controlling the amount of surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS).The morphology and structure of PANI were characterized by FT-IR,SEM,TEM and BET.The effect of amount of SDS on the micromorphology of PANI was investigated,and the mechanisms of SDS as a soft template to adjust the polymerization of aniline into nano-tubular structure were evaluated.Moreover,the electrochemical properties of PANI were tested.The results showed that when the amount of SDS was 0.03g,PANI with porous nano-tubular structure was obtained.And its specific capacitance was up to 630F/g at a current density of 1A/g in 1mol/L H2SO4 electrolyte.After 2000 cycles,the specific capacitance retention rate can still reach 74.5%.The rate retention of 71.7% at current density of 1～10 A/g was achieved.
[1] Liu P,Yan J,Guang Z,et al.Recent advancements of polyaniline-based nanocomposites for supercapacitors[J].Journal of Power Sources,2019:108-130.
[2] Zhang S,Song X,Liu S,et al.Template-assisted synthesized MoS2/polyaniline hollow microsphere electrode for high performance supercapacitors[J].Electrochimica Acta,2019,312:1-10.
[3] 徐惠,李琦,陈泳,等.过渡金属离子电化学掺杂聚苯胺的超级电容性能[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2018,34(1):83-88.
[4] 刘青青,骆建敏,高嵩,等.不同引发剂量对纤维状聚苯胺电化学性能的影响[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2018,34(11):63-68.
[5] 任莉君,张改妮,王艳,等.聚苯胺纳米球电极材料的制备及其电容性质[J].功能材料,2017,48(12):12200-12203.
[6] Fan H,Hao W,Jing G,et al.SDBS-assisted preparation of novel polyaniline planar-structure:morphology,mechanism and hydrophobicity[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2014,414C:46-49.
[7] Wang H,Hao Q,Yang X,et al.Graphene oxide doped polyaniline for supercapacitors[J].Electrochemistry Communications,2009,11(6):1158-1161.
[8] Zhou C,Jie H,Rong G.Synthesis of polyaniline hierarchical structures in a dilute SDS/HCl Solution:nanostructure-covered rectangular tubes[J].Macromolecules,2009,42(4):1252-1257.
[9] Macdiarmid A G,Chiang J,Richter A F,et al.Polyaniline:a new concept in conducting polymers[J].Synthetic Metals,1987,18(1-3):285-290.
[10] Lee S I,Mitani S,Park C W,et al.Electric double-layer capacitance of microporous carbon nano spheres prepared through precipitation of aromatic resin pitch[J].Journal of Power Sources,2005,139(1):379-383.
[11] Leng W,Zhou S,Gu G,et al.Wettability switching of SDS-doped polyaniline from hydrophobic to hydrophilic induced by alkaline/reduction reactions[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2012,369(1):411-418.
[12] Tang S,Wang A,Lin S,et al.Polymerization of aniline under various concentrations of APS and HCl[J].Polymer Journal,2011,43(8):667-675.
[13] Kuramoto N,Tomita A.Aqueous polyaniline suspensions:chemical oxidative polymerization of dodecylbenzene-sulfonic acid aniline salt[J].Polymer,1997,38(12):3055-3058.
[14] Zujovic Z D,Laslau C,Travas-Sejdic J.Lamellar-structured nanoflakes comprised of stacked oligoaniline nanosheets[J].Chemistry-An Asian Journal,2011,6(3):791-796.
[15] Lee J W,Hall A S,Kim J D,et al.ChemInform abstract:a facile and template-free hydrothermal synthesis of Mn3O4 nanorods on graphene sheets for supercapacitor electrodes with long cycle stability[J].ChemInForm,2012,43(24):1158-1164.
[16] Nath A K,Kumar A.Ionic liquid based polymer electrolyte dispersed with dedoped polyaniline nanorods[J].Solid State Ionics,2013,253(12):8-17.
[17] 刘永强,邵水源,杜珣涛.聚苯胺/改性活性炭复合电极材料的制备及其电容性能研究[J].化工新型材料,2020,48(3):91-95.
[18] Deshpande M V,Amalnerkar D P.Biosensors prepared from electrochemically-synthesized conducting polymers[J].Progress in Polymer Science,1993,18(4):623-649.
[19] Riede A,Stejskal J,Helmstedt M.In-situ prepared composite polyaniline films[J].SyntheticMetals,2001,121:1365-1366.
[20] Xu H,Wu J X,Li C L,et al.Investigation of polyaniline films doped with Fe3+ as the electrode material for electrochemical supercapacitors[J].Electrochimica Acta,2015,165:14-21.
