综述与专论

干水及其在灭火材料中的应用研究进展

展开
  • 西安科技大学化学与化工学院,西安710054
高健强(1992-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事新型纳米材料和催化反应新技术的研究,E-mail:1063942116@qq.com。

收稿日期: 2019-12-26

  修回日期: 2021-02-03

  网络出版日期: 2021-06-10

基金资助

公安部消防局科技开发项目(2012XFCX09);火灾科学国家重点实验室开放课题(HZ2012-KF02)

Dry water—a new type of green and efficient fire extinguishing material

Expand
  • College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054

Received date: 2019-12-26

  Revised date: 2021-02-03

  Online published: 2021-06-10

摘要

介绍了干水的概念、形成机理,综述了干水灭火材料的灭火机理、研究现状以及尚待解决的问题,并对干水灭火材料未来的研究方向进行了展望。干水是一种疏水固体粒子稳定的微水滴材料,其含水率高达90%以上,但外观为流动性良好的固体细粉。干水灭火材料的灭火效率高于干粉(ABC)灭火剂和细水雾。与普通水相比,干水灭火材料中的水被束缚在固体壳体内,能显著地降低灭火时的水渍损失和二次污染。与含添加剂的细水雾相比,干水灭火材料的腐蚀性降低,耐低温性能提高。与干粉灭火剂相比,含添加剂的干水灭火材料除了具有化学灭火作用外,还具有较强的物理冷却作用。在阐明干水灭火材料的形成机制和灭火机理的基础上,优化干水灭火材料的制备工艺,开发同时具有水和干粉灭火剂的优点、而在一定程度上克服其各自缺点的新型干水灭火材料,具有重要的理论意义和广阔的应用前景。

本文引用格式

高健强, 贺拥军, 杨惠, 宁娇, 朱丽娜, 梁耀东 . 干水及其在灭火材料中的应用研究进展[J]. 化工新型材料, 2021 , 49(5) : 43 -47 . DOI: 10.19817/j.cnki.issn 1006-3536.2021.05.010

Abstract

Dry water and the recent progress in dry water fire extinguishing materials were reviewed,and introduced their fire extinguishing mechanism,and the problems to be solved,in an attempt to make people understand this new type of green and efficient fire extinguishing materials with great application potential.Dry water is a kind of stable gas-enveloped water structure with hydrophobic solid particles as stabilizers.The water content of dry waters can be as high as 90%,but their appearance is fine powders with good fluidity.The extinguishing efficiency of dry water is higher than ABC extinguishing powders and fine water mist.Compared with ordinary water,water in dry water fire is confined in solid shell,which can significantly reduce water damage and secondary pollution during firefighting.Compared with fine water mist containing additives,dry water has lower corrosivity and higher resistance to low temperature.Compared with extinguishing powders,dry water with additives has strong physical cooling effect as well as chemical fire extinguishing effect.In the future work,it is necessary to clarify the formation mechanism and extinguishing mechanism of dry water and optimized the preparation process of dry water extinguishing materials.Dry water have the advantages of both water and dry powder,and overcome their disadvantages to some extent,which will have important theoretical significance and broad application prospects.

参考文献

[1] 赵轶惠,薛林.消防灭火救援中的环境污染问题及对策[C].北京:2014中国消防协会科学技术年会论文集,2014.
[2] Matsuuo R,Naito H,Akira Y.Extinguishment of counterflow diffusion flame stabilized in turbulent airflow by polydisperse water mist[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2019,37(3):4239-4246.
[3] 谭琼,王喜世,孔祥晓,等.火灾场景中细水雾幕对玻璃保护效果实验研究[J].火灾科学,2017,26(2):107-113.
[4] Ni X M,Chow W K.Performance evaluation of water mist with bromofluoropropene in suppressing gasoline pool fires[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2011,31(17):3864-3870.
[5] Liang T S,Lo S M,Wang X S,et al.A numerical study of the fire-extinguishing performance of water mist in an opening machinery space[J].Procedia Engineering,2012,31:734-738.
[6] Ewing C T,Faith F R,Hughes J T,et al.Flame extinguishment properties of dry chemicals:extinction concentrations for small diffusion pan fires[J].Fire Technology,1989,5(2):134-149.
[7] Williams B A,Fleming J W.Suppression mechanisms of alkali metal compounds[J].Halon Options Technical Working Conference,1999:157-169.
[8] Ni X,Kuang K,Yang D,et al.A new type of fire suppressant powder of NaHCO3/zeolite nanocomposites with core-shell structure[J].Fire Safety Journal,2009,44(7):968-975.
[9] Brunner H,Schutte D,Schmitz F T.Predominantly aqueous compositions in a fluffy powdery form approximating powdered solids behavior and process for doing the same,US3393155[P].1968-07-16.
[10] Wang C,He Y.Timed disintegrating of the liquid marbles containing tritonX-100[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2018,558:367-372.
[11] Drachuk A,Meilnikonva V P,Molokitina N S,et al Dissociation behavior of “dry water” C3H8 hydrate below ice point:effect of phase state of unreacted residual water on a mechanism of gas hydrates dissociation[J].Journal of Energy Chemistry,2015,24(3):309-314.
[12] Kohei K,Takashi S,Yoshihide Y,et al.Droplet size and morphology analyses of dry liquid[J].Advanced Powder Technology,2017,28(8):1977-1981.
[13] Hou J P,Zhou W,Bai D S,et al.Interfacial effect of cyclodextrin inclusion complex on gas adsorption kinetics of dry water emulsion[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2018,544:8-14.
[14] Onur T,Halil B.Thermal radiation transport in a fluidized dry water system[J].Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer,2013,120:104-113.
[15] Binks B P,Murakami R.Phase inversion of particle-stabilized materials from foams to dry water[J].Nature Mater,2006,5(11):865-869.
[16] Saleh K,Forny L,Guigon P,et al.Dry water:from physico-chemical aspects to process-related parameters[J].Chemical Enginneering Research & Design,2011,89(5):537-544.
[17] Foruy L,Saleh K,Denoyel R,et al.Contact angle assessment of hydrophobic silica nanoparticles related to the mechanisms of dry water formation[J].Langmuir,2010,26(4):2333-2338.
[18] Rong X,Yang H,Zhao N.Rationally turning the interface activity of mesoporous silicas for preparing pickering foam and ‘dry water’[J].Langmuir,2017,33(36):9025-9033.
[19] Tan T,Ahsan A,Reithofer M,et al.Photoresponsive liquid marbles and dry water[J].Langmuir,2014,30(12):3448-3454.
[20] Binks B P,Johnston S K,Seking T,et al.Particles at oil-air surfaces:powdered oil,liquid oil marbles,and oil foam[J].ACS Applied Materials Interfaces,2015,7(26):14328-1433.
[21] Shirato K,Satoh M.‘Dry ionic liquid’ as a newcomer to ‘dry matter’[J].Soft Matter,2011,7(16):7191-7193.
[22] Carter B O,Weaver J V,Wang W,et al.Microencapsulation using an oil-in-water-in-air ‘dry water emulsion’[J].Chemical Communications,2011,47(29):8253-8255.
[23] Carter B O,Weaver J V,Adams D J,et al.Dry water:can we still make waves?[C].Boston,MA,United States:Abstracts of Papers,240th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society,2010.
[24] Carter B O,Adams D J,Cooper A I.Pausing a stir:heterogeneous catalysis in ‘dry water’[J].Green Chemistry,2010,12(5):783-785.
[25] Carter B O,Wang W,Adams D J,et al.Gas storage in ‘dry water’ and ‘dry gel’ clathrates[J].Langmuir,2010,26(5):3186-3193.
[26] Yang J,Tan H Y,Low Q X,et al.CO2 capture by dry alkanolamines and an efficient microwave regeneration process[J].Journal Materials Chemistry A,2015,3(12):6440-6446.
[27] Li Y,Zhang D,Bai D,et al.Size effect of silica sell on gas uptake kinetics in dry water[J].Langmuir,2016,32(29):7365-7371.
[28] 贺拥军.一种甲醛吸收材料,CN201310502917.7[P].2014-01-08.
[29] 贺拥军.一种含能材料,CN201110276586[P].2012-05-02.
[30] Hu M,Tian M,He J,et al.Sensing ammonia using dry waters containing cupric chloride solution[J].Colloids Surf A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2012,414:216-219.
[31] 贺拥军.一种灭火剂及其制备方法,CN201110316520.X[P].2012-06-20.
[32] 贺拥军.一种灭火剂及其制备方法,CN201210592631.8[P].2013-04-03.
[33] 贺拥军.一种灭火剂及其制备方法,CN201210593924.8[P].2013-04-03.
[34] 贺拥军.一种灭火剂及其制备方法,CN201010605644.5[P].2013-04-03.
[35] 贺娟.新型干水灭火剂的研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2014.
[36] 卞建峰,贺拥军,牟国栋.一种反相泡沫灭火材料的制备及性能研究[J].武警学院学报,2015,31(4):41-44.
[37] Ni X,Zhang S,Zheng Z,et al.Application of water@silica core-shell particles for suppressing gasoline pool fires[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2018,341:20-27.
[38] Han Z,Zhang Y,Du Z,et al.New-type gel dry-water extinguishants and its effectiveness[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,166:590-600.
[39] Chen X,Fan A,Yuan B,et al.Renewable biomass gel reinforced core-shell dry water material as novel fire extinguishing agent[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2019,59:14-22.
[40] 廖若愚,陈先锋,袁必和,等.干水材料对小麦淀粉火焰抑制的研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2018,28(5):86-91.
[41] Lott J L,Christian S D,Sliepcevich C M,et al.Synergism between chemical and physical fire suppressant agents[J].Fire Technology,1996,32(3):260-271.
[42] Joseph P,Nichols E,Novozhil V.A comparative study of the effects of chemical additives on the suppression efficiency of water mist[J].Fire Safety Journal,2013,58:221-225.
[43] 赵媚,张少刚,倪小敏,等.洁净气体/细水雾联合灭木垛火实验研究[J].燃烧科学与技术,2014,20(3):257-262.
[44] 王戈,王斌,何明国.超细干粉灭火剂的研发应用进展[J].消防技术与产品信息,2013(9):75-78.
文章导航

/