p型半导体金属氧化物作为气敏材料具备响应快速、选择性高的特点,用于气体传感器的制备与开发。静电纺丝法可制备具有丰富气体吸附位点的网状结构材料,增强材料的气体敏感特性。以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、四水合乙酸镍为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备具有网状纤维结构的p型半导体氧化镍。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱和比表面积测试等分析技术对材料的结构、形貌、组成和比表面等性能进行表征,并对其气敏性能进行测定,考察煅烧温度对材料气敏性能的影响。结果表明:煅烧温度为500℃时获得的氧化镍组装成气体传感器,在工作温度为250℃时,该元件对50mg/L丙酮气体表现出快速响应特性(响应时间为5s)、良好选择性和稳定性。
As a gas sensing material,p-type semiconductor metal oxide has the characteristics of rapid response and high selectivity.It can be used in the preparation and development of gas sensors.The network structure with abundant gas adsorption sites obtained by electrostatic spinning method,which can enhance the gas sensing of materials.P-type semiconductor nickel oxide(NiO) was prepared by electrospinning with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and nickel acetate tetrahydrate as raw materials.NiO fibers with reticular structure were synthesized.The structure,morphology,composition and specific surface properties of the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and specific surface area.Meanwhile,the gas sensing of the materials was measured.The effect of calcination temperature on the gas sensing properties of the materials was investigated.At working temperature of 250℃,the sensor assembled with NiO acquired at calcination temperature of 500℃ showed rapid response characteristics (response time of 5s),good selectivity and stability to 50mg/L acetone.
[1] Liao F,Chen C,Subramanian V,et al.Organic TFTs as gas sensors for electronic nose applications[J].Sensors and Actuators B (Chemical),2005,107(2):849-855.
[2] Khaled T A,Liu J Y,Li R M,et al.Enhanced acetone gas sensing response of ZnO/ZnCo2O4 nanotubes synthesized by single capillary electrospinning technology[J].Sensors and Actuators B,2017,252:511-522.
[3] Kim H J,Lee J H.Highly sensitive and selective gas sensors using p-type oxide semiconductors:overview[J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2014,192:607-627.
[4] Moseley P T.Progress in the development of semiconducting metal oxide gas sensors:a review[J].Measurement Science and Technology,2017,28(8):082001.
[5] Chu S S,Yang C,Su X T,et al.Synthesis of NiO hollow nanospheres via Kirkendall effect and their enhanced gas sensing performance[J].Applied Surface Science,2019,492:82-88.
[6] Liu G H,Abukhadra M R,EI-Sherbeeny A M,et al.Insight into the photocatalytic properties of diatomite@Ni/NiO composite for effective photo-degradation of malachite green dye and photo-reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) under visible light[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2019,254:109-799.
[7] 张荣良,嵇立磊.制备纳米氧化镍的研究进展[J].中国有色冶金,2018,47(3):87-90.
[8] Ghafari E,Feng Y N,Liu Y,et al.Investigating process-structure relations of ZnO nanofiber via electrospinning method[J].Composites Part B,2017,116:40-45.
[9] Li Y,Qiu T B,Zhou Z N,et al.Application development of electrospun nanofibers[J].Materials Review,2011,25(9):84-88.
[10] Park J Y,Kang Y C,Koh S W,Characterization of nickel oxide nanofibers obtained by electrospinning[J].Journal of the Chosun Natural Science,2018,11(1):14-18.
[11] Wu H,Zhang R,Liu X,et al.Electrospinning of Fe,Co,and Ni nanofibers:synthesis,assembly,and magnetic properties[J].Chemistry of Materials,2007,19(14):3506-3511.
[12] Sun Y,Wang Z,Wang W,et al.Electrospinning preparation of Pd@Co3O4-ZnO composite nanofibers and their highly enhanced VOC sensing properties[J].Materials Research Bulletin,2019,109:255-264.
[13] Turky A O,Barhoum A,Rashad M M,et al.Enhanced the structure and optical properties for ZnO/PVP nanofibers fabricated via electrospinning technique[J].Journal of Materials Science Materials in Electronics,2017,28(3):17526-17532.
[14] 白宇舟,郑哲蔚,石佳凝,等.Nb2O5半导体纳米材料形貌调控与气体敏感性能研究[J].化工新型料,2019,47(8):53-57.
[15] 张晓,徐瑶华,刘皓,等.基于金属氧化物的乙醇检测气敏材料的研究进展[J].化工进展,2019,38(7):3207-3226.
[16] Liu H,He Y,Nagashima K,et al.Discrimination of VOCs molecules via extracting concealed features from a temperature-modulated p-type NiO sensor[J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2019,293:342-349.
[17] Sun J H,Sun L X,Han N,et al.Ordered mesoporous WO3/ZnO nanocomposites with isotype heterojunctions for sensitive detection of NO2[J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2018,285:68-75.
[18] Mohamed Reda G,Fan H,Tian H.Room-temperature solid state synthesis of Co3O4/ZnO p-n heterostructure and its photocatalytic activity[J].Advanced Powder Technology,2017,28(3):953-963.
[19] Liu B,Wang M,Liu S Z,et al.The sensing reaction on the Ni-NiO(111) surface at atomic and molecule level and migration of electron[J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2018,273:794-803.
[20] Gao X,Li F,Wang R,et al.A formaldehyde sensor:significant role of p-n heterojunction in gas-sensitive core-shell nanofibers[J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2018,258:1230-1241.
